2 Summary of California Law (10th), Workers' Compensation

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<d1.o n=" I. ">WORKERS' COMPENSATION SYSTEM

<d2.o n="A. " sec="[§1] ">Nature of System.

<d2.o n="B. ">Constitutional Enabling Provision.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§2] ">Enlargement of Legislative Power.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§3] ">No Limitation on Legislative Power.

<d2.o n="C. ">Workers' Compensation Act.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§4] ">Original Act and Revisions.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§5] ">Nature and Validity of Act.

<d3.o n="3. ">Liberal Construction.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§6] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§7] ">Rule Applied in Favor of Claimant.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§8] ">Rule Invoked To Deny Tort Action.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§9] ">Prospective Construction.

<d2.o n="D. ">Division of Workers''&apos; Compensation.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§10] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§11] ">Administrative Director.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§12] ">Court Administrator.

<d3.o n="4. ">Appeals Board.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§13] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§14] ">Powers.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§15] ">Exclusive Jurisdiction.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§16] ">Limitations on Jurisdiction.

<d2.o n="E. ">Discrimination Against Injured Workers.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§17] ">Nature and Purpose of Statute.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§18] ">Sanctions for Violation.

<d3.o n="3. ">Scope of Statute.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§19] ">Liberal Construction.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§20] ">Limitations.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§21] ">Successor and Agency Liability.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§22] ">Justification for Not Reinstating Worker.

<d2.o n="F. " sec="[§23] ">Prevention of Fraud and Abuse.

<d1.o n="II. ">EXCLUSIVE REMEDY

<d2.o n="A. ">In General.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§24] ">Statutory Exclusive Remedy Rules.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§25] ">Statutory Exceptions.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§26] ">Pleading To Negate or Uphold Jurisdiction.

<d2.o n="B. "> Consequences of Exclusive Remedy Rules.

<d3.o n="1. ">Claims for Emotional Distress.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§27] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§28] ">Wrongful Termination.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§29] ">Constructive Discharge.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§30] ">Noncompensable Injury.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§31] ">Wrongful Refusal To Pay Compensation Award.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§32] ">Employer''&apos;s Wilful Misconduct.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="[§33] ">Employer''&apos;s Fraud.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="[§34] ">Failure To Render Medical Care.

<d3.o n="7. " sec="[§35] ">Insurer''&apos;s Negligent Safety Inspection.

<d3.o n="8. " sec="[§36] ">Insurer''&apos;s Negligent Investigation.

<d3.o n="9. " sec="[§37] ">Insurer''&apos;s Negligent Spoliation of Evidence.

<d3.o n="10. . " sec="[§38] ">Acts of Independent Claims Administrator.

<d3.o n="11. " sec="[§39] ">Involuntary Manslaughter.

<d3.o n="12. " sec="[§40] ">Criminal Assault by Third Party.

<d3.o n="13. " sec="[§41] ">Peculiar Risk Doctrine Is Unavailable.

<d3.o n="14. " sec="[§42] ">Other Consequences.

<d1.o n="III. ">EXCEPTIONS, DISTINCTIONS, AND PERMISSIBLE ACTIONS

<d2.o n="A. ">Actions Against Employer.

<d3.o n="1. ">Statutory Causes of Action.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§43] ">Physical Assault.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Fraudulent Concealment Aggravating Disease or Injury.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§44] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§45] ">What Constitutes Fraudulent Concealment.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§46] ">Fair Employment and Housing Act.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§47] ">Whistleblower Protection Statute.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§48] ">Products Liability.

<d4.o n="(f) ">Failure To Provide Guard on Power Press.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§49] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§50] ">Elements of Cause of Action.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§51] ">Definitions.

<d4.o n="(g) ">Uninsured Employer.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§52] ">Cumulative Remedies Are Authorized.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§53] ">Special Rules Governing Action.

<d3.o n="2. ">Conditions of Compensation Not Met.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§54] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§55] ">Spoliation of Evidence.

<d3.o n="3. ">Conduct Outside Compensation Bargain.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§56] ">Basis for Liability.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§57] ">Wrongful Termination in Violation of Public Policy.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§58] ">False Imprisonment.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§59] ">Discrimination in Workplace.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§60] ">Defamation.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="[§61] ">Invasion of Privacy.

<d3.o n="4. ">Employer in Dual Capacity.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§62] ">Nature of Doctrine.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§63] ">Legislative Curtailment.

<d3.o n="5. ">Other Authorized Actions.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§64] ">Employer''&apos;s Extrinsic Fraud.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§65] ">Fetal Injury in Workplace.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§66] ">Excluded Employment.

<d2.o n="B. ">Action Against Other Employee.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§67] ">Wilful Act or Intoxication.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§68] ">Employee Outside Scope of Employment.

<d2.o n="C. ">Action Against Third-Party Tortfeasor.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§69] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. ">Employee''&apos;s Unilateral Release.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§70] ">Statutory Authorization.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§71] ">Notice.

<d3.o n="3. ">Action or Settlement by Employee Alone.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§72] ">Employer''&apos;s Lien on Employee''&apos;s Judgment.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Employer''&apos;s Credit on Employee''&apos;s Award.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§73] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§74] ">No Credit in MICRA Action.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§75] ">Credit on Award After Judgment.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Employee''&apos;s Expenses and Attorneys''&apos; Fees.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§76] ">Nature of Problem and Former Law.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§77] ">Apportionment of Fee.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§78] ">Procedure for Apportionment.

<d5.o n="(4) ">Priority of Attorney''&apos;s Claim.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§79] ">In General.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§80] ">After Judgment.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§81] ">After Settlement.

<d3.o n="4. ">Action, Settlement, or Joinder by Employer.

<d4.o n="(a) ">Action or Settlement by Employer Alone.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§82] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§83] ">Statute of Limitations.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§84] ">Reimbursement.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Action by Both Parties.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§85] ">Action by Employer: Intervention by Employee.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§86] ">Action by Employee: Joinder or Intervention by Employer.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§87] ">Action by Employer and Employee: Reimbursement.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Settlement by Both Parties: Reimbursement.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§88] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§89] ">Apportionment.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§90] ">Allocation on Recovery From Fewer Than All Defendants.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§91] ">Proof of Causation.

<d3.o n="5. ">Employer''&apos;s Contributory Negligence.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§92] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Comparative Fault.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§93] ">Comparative Negligence Doctrine Extended.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§94] ">Effect of Employee''&apos;s Negligence.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§95] ">Employer Is Party.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§96] ">Affirmative Defense.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§97] ">Employee May Not Raise Issue.

<d4.o n="(f) ">Subsequent Proceeding Before Board.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§98] ">Where Employer''&apos;s Negligence Is Judicially Determined.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§99] ">Where Employer''&apos;s Negligence Is Not Judicially Determined.

<d4.o n="(g) " sec="[§100] ">Distinction: Employer''&apos;s Waiver of Subrogation.

<d4.o n="(h) " sec="[§101] ">Determination Without Employer.

<d4.o n="(i) " sec="[§102] ">No Right of Contribution Against Employer.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="[§103] ">Lien of Public Employees''&apos; Retirement System.

<d2.o n="D. ">Other Permissible Actions.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§104] ">Action Against Physician for Malpractice.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§105] ">Action Against Insurer for Intentional Tort.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§106] ">Cartwright Act, RICO, Tortious Interference, and Unfair Competition Claims.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§107] ">Other Actions Outside Act.

<d2.o n="E. " sec="[§108] ">Binding Determination of Jurisdiction.

<d1.o n="IV. ">CONFLICT OF LAWS: EXTRATERRITORIAL OPERATION

<d2.o n="A. ">General Principles.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§109] ">Constitutional Due Process.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§110] ">When Tort Remedy Is Precluded.

<d2.o n="B. ">Employment Contract in California, Injury Outside.

<d3.o n="1. ">Rights of Employees.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§111] ">Development of Rule.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Making of Contract in California.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§112] ">Earlier Decisions.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§113] ">Later Decisions.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§114] ">Rights Between Insurers.

<d2.o n="C. ">Injury in California, Employment Contract Outside.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§115] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§116] ">California Reciprocal Act.

<d2.o n="D. " sec="[§117] ">Awards Under Statutes of Two States.

<d1.o n="V. ">FEDERAL JURISDICTION

<d2.o n="A. ">Interstate Commerce: Federal Employers''&apos; Liability Act.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§118] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§119] ">Concurrent Jurisdiction of State and Federal Courts.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§120] ">Relation of Duties to Interstate Commerce.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§121] ">Liability Based on Negligence.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="[§122] ">Occupational Disease.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="[§123] ">Common Law Defenses Abolished.

<d2.o n="B. " sec="[§124] ">Interstate Commerce: Safety Appliance Acts.

<d2.o n="C. " sec="[§125] ">Federal Employees''&apos; Compensation Act.

<d2.o n="D. ">Admiralty Jurisdiction.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§126] ">Nature of Admiralty Jurisdiction.

<d3.o n="2. ">Remedies of Seaman.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§127] ">Maintenance and Cure.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Breach of Warranty of Seaworthiness.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§128] ">Nature of Remedy.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§129] ">Scope of Warranty.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§130] ">Persons Covered.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Jones Act.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§131] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§132] ">Seaman Status.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§133] ">Employment Relationship.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§134] ">Liability Based on Negligence.

<d3.o n="3. ">Longshore and Harbor Workers''&apos; Compensation Act.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§135] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§136] ">Employees Covered.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§137] ">Injuries Covered.

<d4.o n="(d) ">Employee''&apos;s Action Against Third Party.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§138] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§139] ">Action Against Shipowner.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§140] ">Shipowner''&apos;s Duty of Care.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§141] ">No Right of Indemnity in Shipowner.

<d3.o n="4. ">Concurrent Federal and State Jurisdiction.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§142] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§143] ">Crediting Payments.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§144] ">Workers''&apos; Compensation for Injury on Land.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§145] ">Federal Maritime Action in Death Case.

<d1.o n="VI. ">WORKERS' COMPENSATION INSURANCE

<d2.o n="A. ">Nature of Requirement.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§146] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§147] ">Insurers.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§148] ">Self-Insurance.

<d2.o n="B. " sec="[§149] ">Effect of Compliance.

<d2.o n="C. ">Effect of Failure To Comply.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§150] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§151] ">Increase of Award.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§152] ">Enforcement of Award.

<d3.o n="4. ">Payment From Uninsured Employers Benefits Trust Fund.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§153] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§154] ">Notice to Employer.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§155] ">Recovery From Employer.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§156] ">Recovery From Third Person.

<d2.o n="D. " sec="[§157] ">Scope and Interpretation of Policies.

<d2.o n="E. " sec="[§158] ">Nondisclosure of Medical Information.

<d1.o n="VII. ">THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP

<d2.o n="A. ">Who Are Employers.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§159] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§160] ">Joint Venture.

<d3.o n="3. ">Multiple Employment.

<d4.o n="(a) ">Liabilities of Employers.

<d5.o n="(1) ">General and Special Employment.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§161] ">Test: Right of Control.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§162] ">No Transfer of Right of Control.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§163] ">Contract Is Not Controlling.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§164] ">Concurrent or Joint Employment.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§165] ">Public Emergency Service.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§166] ">Licensed Contractor and Temporary Agency.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§167] ">Rights Between Insurers.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Disability From Progressive Disease.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§168] ">Liability of Last Insurer.

<d5.o n="(2) ">Apportionment Among Multiple Employers.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§169] ">In General.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§170] ">Employers Who Are Liable.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§171] ">Procedure.

<d2.o n="B. ">Who Are Employees.

<d3.o n="1. ">Nature of Classification.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§172] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§173] ">Compensation.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§174] ">Unlawful Employment.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§175] ">Preemployment Tryout.

<d3.o n="2. ">Public Employees.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§176] ">Broad Application.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§177] ">Firefighters and Other Emergency Personnel.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§178] ">Law Enforcement Personnel.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§179] ">Miscellaneous Employees.

<d3.o n="3. ">Prisoners.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§180] ">State Prison Inmate.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§181] ">County Inmate.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§182] ">Jail Inmate Lent to Third Party.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§183] ">Nonincarcerated Convicted Person.

<d3.o n="4. ">Other Categories.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§184] ">Working Member of Partnership or Limited Liability Company.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§185] ">Worker Receiving Welfare Assistance.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§186] ">Agricultural Workers.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§187] ">Domestic Employees.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§188] ">Author of Work Made for Hire.

<d2.o n="C. ">Excluded Employments and Relationships.

<d3.o n="1. ">Independent Contractors.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§189] ">Determining Status.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§190] ">Exception: Unlicensed Construction Contractor.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§191] ">Statutory Exclusions.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§192] ">Election To Come Under Act.

<d1.o n="VIII. ">WHEN INJURIES ARE COMPENSABLE

<d2.o n="A. " sec="[§193] ">Conditions Essential to Compensation.

<d2.o n="B. ">Injury in Course of Employment.

<d3.o n="1. ">In General.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§194] ">Nature of Requirement.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§195] ">Activity Outside Course.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§196] ">Injury After Regular Hours.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§197] ">Work Outside Regular Duties.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§198] ">Injury While Going to Physician''&apos;s Office.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="[§199] ">Return for Tools After Discharge.

<d4.o n="(g) " sec="[§200] ">Violation of Instructions.

<d3.o n="2. ">Going and Coming Rule.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§201] ">General Rule Denying Compensation.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§202] ">Nature of Exceptions.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Special Mission for Employer.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§203] ">Compensation Allowed.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§204] ">Compensation Denied.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§205] ">Wages Paid During Period.

<d4.o n="(e) ">Approach to Premises Under Employer''&apos;s Control.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§206] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§207] ">Parking.

<d5.o n="(3) ">Special Risk to Employee.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§208] ">Compensation Denied.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§209] ">Compensation Allowed.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§210] ">Waiting for Admission to Workplace.

<d4.o n="(f) ">Bunkhouse Rule.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§211] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§212] ">Tenant Employee.

<d4.o n="(g) " sec="[§213] ">Unlimited Territory or Hours of Work.

<d4.o n="(h) ">Special Transportation Requirements.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§214] ">Transportation Furnished by Employer.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§215] ">Transportation Allowance.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§216] ">Employee''&apos;s Car Required by Employer.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§217] ">Transportation Advantageous to Job.

<d3.o n="3. ">Personal Acts Not Related to Employment.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§218] ">General Rule Denying Compensation.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Exceptions.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§219] ">Personal Acts Combined With Business.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§220] ">Efforts To Prevent Theft of Employer''&apos;s Property.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§221] ">Human Response to Situation.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§222] ">Personal Acts of Comfort.

<d5.o n="(5) " sec="[§223] ">Coffee and Lunch Breaks.

<d3.o n="4. ">Recreational Activity Related to Employment.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§224)] ">Judicial Rule.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Statutory Rule.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§225] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§226] ">Compensation Allowed.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§227] ">Compensation Denied.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="[§228] ">Promotional Examination.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="[§229] ">Educational Program.

<d2.o n="C. ">Injury Arising Out of Employment.

<d3.o n="1. ">In General.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§230] ">Zone of Danger.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§231] ">Burden of Proof.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§232] ">Death From Unknown Cause.

<d3.o n="2. ">Exposure to Particular Danger.

<d4.o n="(a) ">Risks of Street or Premises.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§233] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§234] ">Physical Violence Against Employee.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§235] ">Injury From Seizure and Fall.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§236] ">Disease and Climatic Conditions.

<d3.o n="3. ">Injury Aggravating Preexisting Disease.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§237] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§238] ">Heart Attack Caused by Strain or Exertion.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Law Enforcement Officers and Firefighters.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§239] ">Statutory Presumptions.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§240] ">Scope and Effect of Presumptions.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§241] ">Constitutionality of Statutes.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§242] ">What Constitutes Heart Trouble.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§243] ">Treatment Aggravating Preexisting Disease.

<d3.o n="5. ">Psychiatric Injury.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§244] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§245] ">Higher Threshold Requirement.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§246] ">Time Restrictions.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§247] ">Posttermination Claims.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="[§248] ">Skylarking or Horseplay.

<d3.o n="7. ">Altercation Between Employees.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§249] ">Innocent Claimant.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§250] ">Aggressor Claimant.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§251] ">Condoned Horseplay.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§252] ">Exchange of Blows Without Animosity.

<d3.o n="8. " sec="[§253] ">Altercation With Employer.

<d2.o n="D. ">Contributory Fault of Employee.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§254] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§255] ">Immoral Personal Object.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§256] ">Criminal Act.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§257] ">Discipline for Noncriminal Act.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="[§258] ">Undertaking Excessive Workload.

<d1.o n="IX. ">THE AWARD

<d2.o n="A. ">Nature and Elements of Award.

<d3.o n="1. ">In General.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§259] ">Purpose and Components.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§260] ">Installments or Lump Sum.

<d3.o n="2. ">Medical Treatment and Expense.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§261] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§262] ">Medical Provider Network.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§263] ">Utilization Review.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§264] ">Reimbursement for Examination Expenses.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§265] ">Injury to Orthotic and Prosthetic Devices.

<d4.o n="(f) ">Kinds of Treatment.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§266] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§267] ">Cosmetic Surgery.

<d4.o n="(g) ">Selection of Physician.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§268] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§269] ">Selection by Employee.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§270] ">Change of Physician.

<d4.o n="(h) " sec="[§271] ">Neglect or Refusal To Furnish Treatment.

<d4.o n="(i) " sec="[§272] ">Offer by Employer After Refusal.

<d3.o n="3. ">Medical-Legal (Litigation) Expenses.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§273] ">Reimbursable Expenses.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§274] ">Conditions for Reimbursement.

<d3.o n="4. ">Indemnity for Disability.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§275] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§276] ">Distinct Functions of Temporary and Permanent Disability Indemnity.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§277] ">Waiting Period and Exceptions.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§278] ">Payment Reduction Incentive.

<d3.o n="5. ">Death Benefits and Burial Expenses.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§279] ">Nature of Award.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§280] ">Maximum Amounts.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§281] ">Determination of Partial Dependency.

<d3.o n="6. ">Rehabilitation Benefits.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§282] ">Vocational Rehabilitation.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§283] ">Supplemental Job Displacement Benefit.

<d2.o n="B. ">Determination of Disability.

<d3.o n="1. ">Temporary Disability.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§284] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§285] ">Temporary Total Disability.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§286] ">Temporary Partial Disability.

<d3.o n="2. ">Permanent Disability.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§287] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§288] ">Determination of Percentage of Permanent Disability.

<d4.o n="(b-1) " sec="[§288A] ">(New) Application of Appropriate Schedule.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§289] ">Overlapping Disabilities.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§290] ">Progressive Occupational Disease.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§291] ">Dispute Involving Permanent Disability.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§292] ">Specific and Cumulative Injuries.

<d3.o n="4. ">Prior Disability or Disease and Subsequent Injury.

<d4.o n="(a) ">Former Law.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§293] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§294] ">Aggravation Cases.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§295] ">Preexisting Disability and Subsequent Nonindustrial Injury Cases.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§296] ">Apportionment Based on Causation.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Compensation From Subsequent Injuries Benefits Trust Fund.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§297] ">Nature of Legislation.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§298] ">Death of Employee Without Dependents.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§299] ">Basic Provisions for Compensation.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§300] ">No Double Recovery.

<d5.o n="(5) " sec="[§301] ">Application and Award.

<d5.o n="(6) " sec="[§302] ">Statute of Limitations.

<d2.o n="C. ">Determination of Average Earnings.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§303] ">Basic Factor in Compensation Award.

<d3.o n="2. ">Minimum and Maximum Amounts.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§304] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§305] ">Particular Employees.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§306] ">Date at Which Amount Is Measured.

<d3.o n="3. ">Earning Capacity.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§307] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§308] ">Wage Increase Following Injury.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§309] ">Effect of Retirement.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§310] ">Intermittent Employment.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="[§311] ">Effect of Previous Disability.

<d2.o n="D. ">Dependents.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§312] ">Conclusive Presumptions.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§313] ">Proof of Actual Dependency.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§314] ">Nonmarital Relationship.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§315] ">Allocation of Award.

<d2.o n="E. ">Misconduct of Employer.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§316] ">Nature of Increased Award.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§317] ">Calculation of Award.

<d3.o n="3. ">What Constitutes Misconduct.

<d4.o n="(a) ">Test of Knowledge.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§318 ] ">Early Development.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§319] ">Contemporary Approach.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Violation of Statute or Safety Order.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§320] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§321] ">Findings Required for Safety Order Violation.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§322] ">Other Acts or Omissions.

<d3.o n="4. ">Managing Agent.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§323] ">Types of Responsible Officers.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§324] ">Failure To Point Out Responsible Officer.

<d2.o n="F. ">Misconduct of Employee.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§325] ">Intoxication.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§326] ">Self-Inflicted Injury.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§327] ">Suicide.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§328] ">Refusal To Submit to Examination.

<d3.o n="5. ">Refusal To Submit to Treatment.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§329] ">Treatment Offered by Employer.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§330] ">Treatment Not Offered by Employer.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="[§331] ">Serious and Wilful Misconduct.

<d2.o n="G. ">Receipt of Other Benefits.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§332] ">Wages or Other Earnings.

<d3.o n="2. ">Public Pension or Retirement Benefits.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§333] ">Ordinary Public Employees.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Law Enforcement Officers and Firefighters.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§334] ">Local Officers.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§335] ">Employer''&apos;s Offset for Self-Employment Earnings.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§336] ">Health Benefits For Surviving Spouse.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Credit Authorized by Municipal Charter.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§337] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§338] ">Partial Credit.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§339] ">Credit for Present Value of Future Payments.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§340] ">No Credit for Payments to Third Persons.

<d3.o n="3. ">Unemployment Benefits.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§341] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§342] ">Lien on Award.

<d3.o n="4. ">Benefits Under Health Care Plan or Insurance.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§343] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§344] ">Lien for Benefit Payments.

<d1.o n="X. ">PROCEDURE

<d2.o n="A. ">In General.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§345] ">Statutes and Rules.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§346] ">Venue.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§347] ">Pleading Requirements.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§348] ">Causes of Action.

<d3.o n="5. ">Parties.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§349] ">Employee, Dependent, Employer, and Insurer.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§350] ">Physician.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§351] ">Medical or Medical-Legal Lien Claimant.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§352] ">Joinder of Parties and Claims.

<d3.o n="6. ">Attorneys and Other Representatives.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§353] ">Appearance and Representation.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Attorneys''&apos; Fees.

<d5.o n="(1) ">Amount Fixed by Board.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§354] ">In General.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§355] ">Board''&apos;s Guidelines.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§356] ">Illustrations.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§357] ">Fee for Resisting Petition.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§358] ">Payment of Fee.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§359] ">Attorney Must Be Licensed.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§360 ] ">Regulation of Advertising.

<d3.o n="7. ">Release or Compromise.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§361] ">Authority To Compromise.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§362] ">Board''&apos;s Power To Disapprove.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§363] ">Form and Content.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§364] ">Claim for Death Benefits.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§365] ">Claims Outside Workers''&apos; Compensation Law.

<d2.o n="B. ">Statute of Limitations.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§366] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. ">Claim for Disability.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§367] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§368] ">Occupational Disease.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Cumulative Injuries.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§369] ">Governing Statute.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§370] ">Knowledge and Lack of Diligence.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§371] ">No Merger of Prior Injuries.

<d3.o n="3. ">Claim for Death Benefit.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§372] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§373] ">Dependent''&apos;s Ignorance of Progressive Disease.

<d3.o n="4. ">Suspension or Tolling of Statute.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§374 ] ">Minors and Incompetents.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Compensation or Benefits.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§375] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§376] ">No Tolling After Disclaimer.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§377] ">Wages or Disability Payments.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§378] ">Effect of Tolling.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§379] ">Estoppel To Plead Statute.

<d4.o n="(d) ">Employer''&apos;s Failure To Notify of Right.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§380] ">Judicial Rule.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§381] ">Statutory Rule.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§382] ">Application of Medical Lien Claimant.

<d4.o n="(e) ">New and Further Disability.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§383] ">Nature and Theory of Extension.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§384] ">Extension by Nonprofessional Medical Aid.

<d2.o n="C. ">Steps in Obtaining Award.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§385 ] ">Notice of Injury.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§386] ">Claim Form and Notice of Rights.

<d3.o n="3. ">Pleadings or Stipulation.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§387] ">Application.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§388] ">Service by Board.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§389] ">Answer.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§390] ">Other Pleadings, Motions, and Appearance.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§391] ">Stipulation.

<d3.o n="4. ">Alternative Dispute Resolution.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§392] ">Statutory Arbitration.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§393] ">Collective Bargaining Agreements in Specified Industries.

<d3.o n="5. ">Hearing.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§394] ">Nature of Hearing.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§395] ">Workers''&apos; Compensation Judge.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§396] ">Procedure.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§397] ">Contempt in Hearing.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§398] ">Rules of Evidence Are Not Binding.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="[§399] ">Medical and Scientific Reports and Records.

<d4.o n="(g) " sec="[§400] ">Evidence Developed by Board.

<d4.o n="(h) " sec="[§401] ">Evidence Fraudulently Obtained.

<d4.o n="(i) " sec="[§402] ">Evidence of Sexual Conduct.

<d3.o n="6. ">Award or Order.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§403] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§404] ">Findings.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Liens Against Award.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§405] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§406] ">Permissible Liens.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§407] ">Award of Attorneys''&apos; Fees Out of Lien Claim.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§408] ">Procedure.

<d5.o n="(5) " sec="[§409] ">Involuntary Reduction of Lien To Effect Settlement.

<d4.o n="(d) ">Judgment and Enforcement.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§410] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§411] ">Interest on Award.

<d4.o n="(e) ">Penalties for Delay or Refusal To Pay.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§412] ">Former Law.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§413] ">Nature of Penalties.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="[§414] ">Penalty for Bad Faith Action.

<d4.o n="(g) ">Award as Res Judicata.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§415] ">Merger: Second Proceeding Precluded.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§416] ">Where Merger Does Not Occur.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§417] ">Collateral Estoppel.

<d2.o n="D. ">Reconsideration by Board.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§418] ">Nature and Necessity of Petition.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§419] ">Grounds and Showing Required.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§420] ">Service, Filing, and Answer.

<d3.o n="4. ">Grant of Petition.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§421] ">Statement of Evidence and Reasons.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§422] ">Procedure After Granting.

<d3.o n="5. ">Denial of Petition.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§423] ">Statement of Evidence and Reasons.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§424] ">Judge''&apos;s Report Is Not Essential.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="[§425] ">Reconsideration on Own Motion.

<d2.o n="E. ">Continuing Jurisdiction of Board.

<d3.o n="1. ">Reopening Case for Good Cause.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§426] ">Nature of Jurisdiction and Five-Year Limitation.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Grounds for Reopening Case.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§427] ">Equitable Grounds.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§428] ">Error of Law.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§429] ">Insufficient Grounds.

<d3.o n="2. ">Award for New and Further Disability.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§430] ">Nature of Jurisdiction.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§431] ">Effect of Original Award.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§432] ">Procedure in Reopening Case.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§433] ">Termination of Temporary Disability Indemnity.

<d2.o n="F. ">Judicial Review.

<d3.o n="1. ">In General.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§434] ">Writ of Review in Court of Appeal.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§435] ">No Superior Court Jurisdiction.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§436] ">Appellate District.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§437] ">Review of Reconsideration Order.

<d3.o n="2. ">Procedure.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§438] ">Petition, Answer, and Reply.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§439] ">Writ, Hearing, and Judgment.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§440] ">Rehearing and Review in Supreme Court.

<d3.o n="3. ">Scope of Review.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§441] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§442] ">Substantial Evidence Rule.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§443] ">Conclusiveness of Findings.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§444] ">Decision Without Examination of Record.

<d3.o n="4. ">Annulment of Award.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§445] ">Lack of Substantial Evidence.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§446] ">Curtailment of Evidence or Cross-Examination.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§447] ">Reliance on Undisclosed Evidence.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§448] ">Other Examples.

<d3.o n="5. ">Annulment of Order Denying or Limiting Award.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§449] ">Lack of Substantial Evidence.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§450] ">Curtailment of Evidence.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="[§451] ">Effect of Annulment of Award or Order.

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