14 Summary of California Law (10th), Wills and Probate

 

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<d1.o n="I. ">INTRODUCTION

<d2.o n="A. " sec="1] ">Legislative Power Over Inheritance.

<d2.o n="B. " sec="2] ">Uniform and Model Acts.

<d2.o n="C. " sec="3] ">Restatement.

<d2.o n="D. " sec="4] ">Probate Rules.

<d2.o n="E. " sec="5] ">Judicial Council Forms: Decedents'&apos; Estates.

<d2.o n="F. " sec="6] ">Judicial Council Forms: Guardianship and Conservatorship.

<d2.o n="G. " sec="7] ">Texts and Practice Works.

<d2.o n="H. ">Legal Capacity.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="8] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="9] ">Determining Legal Capacity.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="10] ">Consent to Medical Treatment.

<d2.o n="I. ">Uniform Determination of Death Act.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="11] ">Nature and Scope of Act.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="12] ">Determination and Confirmation of Death.

<d2.o n="J. ">Establishing and Reporting Fact of Death.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="13] ">Law Revision Commission Report.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="14] ">Statutory Proceeding To Establish Death.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="15] ">Recording Evidence of Death.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="16] ">Reporting Fact of Death.

<d2.o n="K. ">Deposit of Estate Planning Documents.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="17] ">Recommendation and Enactment.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="18] ">Nature and Scope of Deposit Agreement.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="19] ">Termination of Deposit.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="20] ">Transfer of Documents.

<d1.o n="II. ">CALIFORNIA PROBATE CODE

<d2.o n="A. " sec="21] ">Adoption and Early Amendments.

<d2.o n="B. ">Major Probate Code Revision.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="22] ">Law Revision Commission Report.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="23] ">Law Revision Commission Comments.

<d3.o n="3. ">Revision in 1983.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="24] ">Recommendation and Enactment.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="25] ">Major Changes.

<d3.o n="4. ">Revision in 1984.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="26] ">Recommendation and Enactment.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="27] ">Major Changes.

<d3.o n="5. ">Revision in 1985.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="28] ">Recommendation and Enactment.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="29] ">Major Changes.

<d3.o n="6. ">Revision in 1986.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="30] ">Recommendation and Enactment.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="31] ">Major Changes.

<d3.o n="7. ">Revision in 1987.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="32] ">Recommendation and Enactment.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="33] ">Major Changes.

<d3.o n="8. ">Revision in 1988.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="34] ">Recommendation and Enactment.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="35] ">Major Changes.

<d3.o n="9. ">Revision in 1989.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="36] ">Recommendation and Enactment.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="37] ">Major Changes.

<d3.o n="10. . ">Revision in 1990.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="38] ">Recommendation and Enactment.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="39] ">Major Changes.

<d3.o n="11. ">Revision in 1991.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="40] ">Recommendation and Enactment.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="41] ">Major Changes.

<d3.o n="12. ">Revision in 1992.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="42] ">Recommendation and Enactment.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="43] ">Major Changes.

<d3.o n="13. ">Revision in 1993.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="44] ">Recommendation and Enactment.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="45] ">Major Changes.

<d2.o n="C. " sec="46] ">Structure of Probate Code.

<d2.o n="D. " sec="47] ">Construction and Effect of Probate Code.

<d2.o n="E. ">Definitions.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="48] ">Scope.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="49] ">Persons and Entities.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="50] ">Legal and Financial Terms.

<d1.o n="III. ">CONFLICT OF LAWS

<d2.o n="A. " sec="51] ">Restatement.

<d2.o n="B. ">Succession.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="52] ">Real Property.

<d3.o n="2. ">Personal Property.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="53] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="54] ">Adopted Child.

<d2.o n="C. ">Testamentary Disposition.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="55] ">Validity of Will.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="56] ">Interpretation and Construction of Instrument.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="57] ">Effect of Equitable Conversion.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="58] ">Revocation of Will.

<d2.o n="D. ">Probate and Administration of Estates.

<d3.o n="1. ">Domiciliary and Ancillary Administration.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="59] ">Bases for Administration.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="60] ">Ancillary Administration.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="61] ">Probate of Foreign Will.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="62] ">Collection of Foreign Assets.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="63] ">Actions by or Against Representative.

<d3.o n="2. ">California Statutes on Nondomiciliary Decedent.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="64] ">Law Revision Commission Recommendation.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="65] ">Definitions and Scope.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="66] ">Ancillary Administration.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="67] ">Will Previously Admitted to Probate.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="68] ">Distribution to Sister State Representative.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="69] ">Collection of Personal Property.

<d4.o n="(g) " sec="70] ">Jurisdiction Over Foreign Representative.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="71] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="72] ">Requisites of Will.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="73] ">Registry System.

<d1.o n="IV. ">INTESTATE SUCCESSION

<d2.o n="A. " sec="74] ">In General.

<d2.o n="B. " sec="75] ">Distribution of Shares by Representation.

<d2.o n="C. " sec="76] ">Surviving Spouse'&apos;s Share in Community and Quasi-Community Property.

<d2.o n="D. ">Intestate Shares in Separate Property.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="77] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="78] ">Surviving Spouse or Domestic Partner.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="79] ">Issue of Decedent.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="80] ">Parents or Issue of Parents.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="81] ">Grandparents or Issue of Grandparents.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="82] ">Next of Kin.

<d2.o n="E. ">Heirs of Predeceased Spouse.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="83] ">Former Law.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="84] ">Nature and Scope of Statute.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="85] ">Apportionment of Property Between Families.

<d2.o n="F. " sec="86] ">Relatives of Half Blood.

<d2.o n="G. " sec="87] ">Afterborn Heirs.

<d2.o n="H. " sec="88] ">Persons Related Through Two Lines.

<d2.o n="I. ">Special Classes of Children.

<d3.o n="1. ">Original Statutes.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="89] ">Adopted Children.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="90] ">Out of Wedlock Children.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="91] ">Stepchildren.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="92] ">1983 Revision.

<d3.o n="3. ">1993 Revision.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="93] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="94] ">Parent and Child Relationship.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="95] ">Foster or Stepchildren.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="96] ">Out of Wedlock Children.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="97] ">Adopted Children.

<d2.o n="J. ">Escheat of Decedent'&apos;s Property.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="98] ">Former Law.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="99] ">Nature and Scope of Statute.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="100] ">Real and Tangible Personal Property.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="101] ">Intangible Property.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="102] ">Benefits Distributable From Certain Trusts.

<d1.o n="V. ">MAKING OF WILLS

<d2.o n="A. ">Nature and Types of Wills.

<d3.o n="1. ">Nature of Will.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="103] ">Testamentary Disposition of Property.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="104] ">Valid Will Without Disposition.

<d3.o n="2. ">Will Distinguished From Other Instruments.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="105] ">Deed.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Contract.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="106] ">Obligation Terminable on Death.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="107] ">Promise Performable on Death.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="108] ">Pay-on-Death Provisions.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="109] ">Contract To Make Will.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="110] ">Gift or Living Trust.

<d3.o n="3. ">Types of Wills.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="111] ">Witnessed and Holographic Wills.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Joint and Mutual Wills.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="112] ">Joint Will Without Contract.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="113] ">Joint Will With Contract.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="114] ">Conditional Will.

<d3.o n="4. ">California Statutory Will.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="115] ">Nature and Purpose of Statute.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="116] ">Statutory Form.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="117] ">Definitions and Rules of Construction.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="118] ">Execution.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="119] ">Amendment and Revocation.

<d2.o n="B. ">Competency and Capacity.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="120] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. ">Mental Incompetency.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="121] ">Test.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="122] ">Showing Required.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="123] ">Burden of Proof.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="124] ">Proof Sufficient.

<d4.o n="(e) ">Matters Insufficient or Inconclusive.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="125] ">Mental or Physical Conditions.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="126] ">Unrelated Delusions.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="127] ">Unnatural Will.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="128] ">Prior Adjudication of Incompetency.

<d2.o n="C. ">Fraud and Undue Influence.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="129] ">Fraud.

<d3.o n="2. ">Undue Influence.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="130] ">Nature and Effect.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="131] ">Influence by Person Not Benefited.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Circumstances Probative of Undue Influence.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="132] ">Combination of Factors Is Necessary.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="133] ">Opportunity To Influence Testator.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="134] ">Decendent'&apos;s Susceptible Condition and Beneficiary'&apos;s Activity.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="135] ">Confidential Relationship.

<d2.o n="D. ">Execution of Witnessed Will.

<d3.o n="1. ">In General.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="136] ">Former Statute and Case Law.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="137] ">Revised Statute.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="138] ">Writing.

<d3.o n="3. ">Signature of Testator.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="139] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="140] ">Signature by Mark.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="141] ">Signature by Another.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="142] ">Typewritten Signature.

<d3.o n="4. ">Signatures of Two Witnesses.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="143] ">Former Statute and Case Law.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="144] ">Nature and Scope of Requirements.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="145] ">Devise to Interested Witness.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="146] ">Signing With Different Intention.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="147] ">Presumption of Due Execution.

<d2.o n="E. ">Execution of Holographic Will.

<d3.o n="1. ">Writing.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="148] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="149] ">Printed Matter.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="150] ">Revised Statute.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="151] ">Date.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="152] ">Signature.

<d3.o n="4. ">Testamentary Intent Shown.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="153] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="154] ">Instrument With Dual Purpose.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="155] ">Language of Inter Vivos Gift.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="156] ">Instrument Not Making Disposition.

<d3.o n="5. ">Testamentary Intent Not Shown.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="157] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="158] ">Existing Unrevoked Will.

<d2.o n="F. ">Codicil.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="159] ">Nature and Purpose.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="160] ">Form of Codicil.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="161] ">Republication of Valid Will.

<d2.o n="G. ">Integration and Reference.

<d3.o n="1. ">Integration.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="162] ">Nature of Doctrine.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="163] ">Integration Established.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="164] ">Integration Not Established.

<d3.o n="2. ">Incorporation by Reference.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="165] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="166] ">Existence of Document.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="167] ">Identification of Document.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="168] ">Intention To Incorporate.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§168A] ">(New) Disposition of Personal Property by Document Outside Will.

<d3.o n="3. ">Reference to Acts of Independent Significance.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="169] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="170] ">Uniform Testamentary Additions to Trusts Act.

<d2.o n="H. " sec="171] ">Interlineation.

<d2.o n="I. " sec="172] ">Funeral Instructions.

<d1.o n="VI. ">REVOCATION OF WILLS

<d2.o n="A. ">Methods of Revocation.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="173] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="174] ">Mutilation or Destruction.

<d3.o n="3. ">Execution of Subsequent Instrument.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="175] ">Express Revocation Clause.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="176] ">Inconsistent Provisions.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="177] ">Dissolution or Annulment of Marriage.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="178] ">Termination of Domestic Partnership.

<d2.o n="B. ">Dependent Relative Revocation.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="179] ">Nature of Doctrine.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="180] ">Doctrine Applied.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="181] ">Doctrine Held Inapplicable.

<d2.o n="C. " sec="182] ">Revival of Revoked Will.

<d1.o n="VII. ">TESTAMENTARY INTERESTS

<d2.o n="A. ">Interpretation and Construction of Donative Instruments.

<d3.o n="1. ">In General.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="183] ">Statutory Framework.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="184] ">Testator'&apos;s Intention.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="185] ">Surrounding Circumstances.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="186] ">Testator'&apos;s Oral Declarations.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="187] ">Appellate Review of Judge'&apos;s Interpretation.

<d3.o n="2. ">Meaning of Words.

<d4.o n="(a) ">In General.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="188] ">Ordinary Words.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="189] ">Technical Terms.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="190] ">Layperson'&apos;s Will.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="191] ">Testator'&apos;s Dominant Purpose.

<d5.o n="(5) " sec="192] ">Punctuation.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Particular Terms.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="193] ">“Personal Effects.”

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="194] ">“"&ldquo;Personal Property.”"&rdquo;

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="195] ">“Belongings.”

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="196] ">"Money" or "Cash."

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="197] ">Gift to Person or His Estate.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="198] ">Gift to Survivor of Two Persons.

<d3.o n="3. ">Other Rules of Construction.

<d4.o n="(a) ">Construction as a Whole and Reconciling Parts.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="199] ">Where Reconciliation Is Possible.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="200] ">Where Inconsistency Remains.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Avoiding Total or Partial Intestacy.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="201] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="202] ">When Language Is Certain.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="203] ">When Beneficiary Is Not Named.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="204] ">When Testamentary Intent Is Uncertain.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="205] ">Favoring Blood of Testator.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="206] ">Favoring Validity of Will.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="207] ">Allowing Gift by Implication.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="208] ">Will Speaks From Time of Testator'&apos;s Death.

<d4.o n="(g) " sec="209] ">Compliance With Internal Revenue Code.

<d3.o n="4. ">Gifts Dependent on Contingency.

<d4.o n="(a) ">In General.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="210] ">Nature and Types of Conditions.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="211] ">Impossibility or Ignorance of Condition.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="212] ">Condition and Gift Over.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Contingency of Survival.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="213] ">Nature of Requirement.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="214] ">Statutory Rules.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="215] ">Survival of Life Tenant.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="216] ">Survival Until Distribution.

<d5.o n="(5) " sec="217] ">Language That Does Not Create Contingency.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="218] ">Contingency of Death Alone.

<d4.o n="(e) ">Contingency of Death Without Issue.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="219] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="220] ">Where Distribution or Possession Is Postponed.

<d3.o n="5. ">Gift to a Class.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="221] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="222] ">Restatement.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Proportions in Which Members Take.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="223] ">Case Law Background.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="224] ">Law Revision Commission Recommendations.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="225] ">Express Intention or No Specification.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="226] ">Specification of Division by Representation.

<d5.o n="(5) " sec="227] ">Specification of Division Per Capita at Each Generation.

<d4.o n="(d) ">Persons Included in Class.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="228] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="229] ">Adopted Children.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="230] ">Adopted Adults.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="231] ">Out of Wedlock Children.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="232] ">Time When Class Is Ascertained.

<d3.o n="6. ">Gifts to Heirs.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="233] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="234] ">Time When Heirs Are Ascertained.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="235] ">Words or Circumstances Showing Different Intent.

<d2.o n="B. ">Mistake of Omission or in Description.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="236] ">Mistake of Omission Cannot Be Corrected.

<d3.o n="2. ">Mistake in Description.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="237] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="238] ">Wholly Inaccurate Description.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="239] ">Partially Inaccurate Description.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="240] ">Description Applicable to Two Persons or Things.

<d2.o n="C. ">At-Death Transfers.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="241] ">Nature and Classification.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="242] ">Specific and General Gifts.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="243] ">Residuary Clause.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="244] ">Constructional Preference.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="245] ">Satisfaction of Pecuniary Gift.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="246] ">Interest and Income Accruing During Administration.

<d3.o n="7. " sec="247] ">After-Acquired Property.

<d3.o n="8. " sec="248] ">Direction To Convert Real Property Into Money.

<d3.o n="9. " sec="249] ">Exoneration.

<d3.o n="10. . " sec="250] ">Devise Subject to Uniform Transfers to Minors Act.

<d2.o n="D. ">Ademption.

<d3.o n="1. ">By Satisfaction or Advancement.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="251] ">General Law.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="252] ">California Statute.

<d3.o n="2. ">By Extinction of Specific Devise.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="253] ">General Rule.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="254] ">Statutory Protection of Beneficiary.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Change in Form.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="255] ">General Rule: No Ademption.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="256] ">Intent of Transferor.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="257] ">Change in Form of Securities.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="258] ">Proceeds of Sale, Condemnation, Insurance, or Foreclosure.

<d4.o n="(d) ">Change In Substance.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="259] ">Consumption of Proceeds by Guardian.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="260] ">Special Circumstances of Sale.

<d2.o n="E. ">Lapsed Gifts and Anti-Lapse Statute.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="261] ">Effect of Lapsed Gift.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="262] ">General Law and Former California Statute.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="263] ">Revised Statute.

<d1.o n="VIII. ">LIMITATIONS ON SUCCESSION AND TESTAMENTARY DISPOSITION

<d2.o n="A. ">Community and Quasi-Community Property Rights.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="264] ">Definitions.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="265] ">Disposition.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="266] ">Community Property With Right of Survivorship.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="267] ">Restoration of Quasi-Community Property.

<d2.o n="B. ">Surviving Spouse'&apos;s Election to Take Against Will.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="268] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="269] ">Election Required.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="270] ">Manner and Time of Election.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="271] ">Election by Successor of Spouse.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="272] ">Surviving Spouse of Nondomiciliary Decedent.

<d2.o n="C. ">Omitted Spouse.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="273] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="274] ">Nature and Scope of Statute.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="275] ">Effect of Testator'&apos;s Contract To Make Will.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="276] ">Satisfaction of Share.

<d3.o n="5. ">Permissible Omission.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="277] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="278] ">Language Sufficient To Omit Spouse.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="279] ">Language Not Sufficient To Omit Spouse.

<d2.o n="D. ">Omitted Child.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="280] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="281] ">Nature and Scope of Statute.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="282] ">Satisfaction of Share.

<d3.o n="4. ">Permissible Omission.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="283] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="284] ">Express Language.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="285] ">General Language Sufficient To Omit Child.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="286] ">General Language Not Sufficient To Omit Child.

<d2.o n="E. " sec="287] ">Advancement to Heir.

<d2.o n="F. ">Simultaneous Death.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="288] ">Former Law and Uniform Act.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="289] ">Revised Statute.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="290] ">Rules of Survival.

<d3.o n="4. ">Proceeding To Determine Survival.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="291] ">Authorized Purposes.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="292] ">Procedure.

<d2.o n="G. ">Effect of Homicide.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="293] ">Statutory Development.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="294] ">Nature and Scope of Statute.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="295] ">Wills, Trusts, and Intestate Succession.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="296] ">Joint Tenancy.

<d3.o n="5. ">Life Insurance or Similar Contract.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="297] ">Case Law and Statutory Rule.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="298] ">Claim of Community Property Interest.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="299] ">Rights of Contingent Beneficiary.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="300] ">Wrongful Death Action.

<d3.o n="7. " sec="301] ">Other Acquisition of Property or Benefit.

<d2.o n="H. " sec="302] ">Effect of Elder or Dependent Adult Abuse.

<d2.o n="I. ">Transfers to Drafter or Related Persons.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="303] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="304] ">When Prohibition Does Not Apply.

<d2.o n="J. ">Nonprobate Transfers.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="305] ">Recommendation and Enactment.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="306] ">Authorized Transfers.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="307] ">Rights and Liabilities of Holder.

<d3.o n="4. ">Community Property.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="308] ">Recommendation and Enactment.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="309] ">Nature and Scope of Statute.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="310] ">Consent.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="311] ">Revocation of Consent.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="312] ">Vehicles, Vessels, and Manufactured Homes.

<d3.o n="6. ">Security Registration.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="313] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="314] ">Registration in Beneficiary Form.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="315] ">Death of Owner.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="316] ">Protection of Registering Entity.

<d3.o n="7. ">Nonprobate Transfers to Former Spouse.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="317] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="318] ">Transfer to Former Spouse.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="319] ">Joint Tenancy With Former Spouse.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="320] ">Real Property Affidavit.

<d2.o n="K. ">Contractual Rights at Death.

<d3.o n="1. ">Surviving Spouse'&apos;s Waiver.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="321] ">Case Law Development.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="322] ">Nature and Scope of Statute.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="323] ">Requisites and Defenses.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="324] ">Enforcement.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="325] ">Alteration or Revocation.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="326] ">Contracts Concerning Will or Succession.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="327] ">Transfer or Release of Expectancy.

<d2.o n="L. ">Disclaimers of Testamentary and Other Interests.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="328] ">Former Statute and Case Law.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="329] ">Revised Statute.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="330] ">Definitions.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="331] ">Interests That May Be Disclaimed.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="332] ">Creator of Interest.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="333] ">Right To Disclaim and Waiver.

<d3.o n="7. ">Procedure.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="334] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="335] ">Time for Filing.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="336] ">Disclaimer for Minor, Conservatee, or Decedent.

<d3.o n="8. " sec="337] ">No Disclaimer After Acceptance.

<d3.o n="9. " sec="338] ">Disclaimer Under Federal Law.

<d3.o n="10. . " sec="339] ">Effect of Disclaimer.

<d2.o n="M. ">Former Restrictions Eliminated.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="340] ">Corporations and Associations.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="341] ">Governments and Governmental Agencies.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="342] ">Convict.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="343] ">Charity.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="344] ">Nonresident Alien.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="345] ">Subscribing Witness.

<d1.o n="IX. ">PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE PROBATE CODE

<d2.o n="A. ">The Probate Court.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="346] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="347] ">Former Law: Limited Jurisdiction.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="348] ">Current Law: General Jurisdiction.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="349] ">Power To Restrict Public Access to Records.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="350] ">Disqualification of Judge.

<d2.o n="B. ">Probate Jurisdiction.

<d3.o n="1. ">Jurisdiction Over Decedents'&apos; Estates.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="351] ">Death.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="352] ">Property To Be Administered.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="353] ">Venue.

<d3.o n="2. ">Controversies Involving Title to Property.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="354] ">Former Law: No Jurisdiction.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="355] ">Rule Abrogated.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="356] ">Petition.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="357] ">Notice.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="358] ">Conduct of Proceeding.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="359] ">Order.

<d3.o n="3. ">Nonprobate Transfer to Trustee Named in Will.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="360] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="361] ">Designation of Trustee.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="362] ">Payment or Transfer to Trustee or Representative.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="363] ">Authority of Court.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="364] ">Procedure.

<d3.o n="4. ">Estates of Missing Persons Presumed Dead.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="365] ">Statutory Development.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="366] ">Nature of Proceeding.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="367] ">Petition.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="368] ">Notice and Hearing.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="369] ">Presumption and Order.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="370] ">Recovery of Property by Missing Person.

<d2.o n="C. ">Practice and Procedure in Probate Code Proceedings.

<d3.o n="1. ">General Provisions.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="371] ">General Rules of Practice.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="372] ">Probate Rules.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="373] ">Judicial Council Forms.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="374] ">Guardian Ad Litem.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="375] ">Lis Pendens.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="376] ">Petitions and Other Papers.

<d4.o n="(g) " sec="377] ">Amended and Supplemental Pleadings.

<d4.o n="(h) " sec="378] ">Hearings.

<d4.o n="(i) " sec="379] ">Orders.

<d4.o n="(j) " sec="380] ">United States as Interested Person.

<d4.o n="(k) ">(New) In General.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§380A] ">(New) Fees in Probate Code Proceedings.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§380B] ">(New) Decedents' Estates.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§380C] ">(New) Trusts.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§380D] ">(New) Guardianships and Conservatorships.

<d5.o n="(5) " sec="[§380E] ">(New) Specified Proceedings.

<d3.o n="2. ">Accounts.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="381] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="382] ">Summary of Account.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="383] ">Schedules.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="384] ">Petition or Report.

<d3.o n="3. ">Notices.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="385] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="386] ">General Form of Notice.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="387] ">Notice Requirements Are Jurisdictional.

<d4.o n="(d) ">Persons Entitled to Notice.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="388] ">Heirs and Devisees.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="389] ">Trust Beneficiaries.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="390] ">Other Persons.

<d4.o n="(e) ">Mailed Notice.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="391] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="392] ">Manner of Mailing.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="393] ">Personal Delivery.

<d4.o n="(g) " sec="394] ">Posted Notice.

<d4.o n="(h) ">Request for Special Notice.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="395] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="396] ">Manner of Giving Special Notice.

<d4.o n="(i) " sec="397] ">Proof of Giving Notice.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="398] ">Citation.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="399] ">Trial.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="400] ">Costs.

<d3.o n="7. ">Appeal.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="401] ">Probate Code Appeals.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="402] ">Effect of Appeal.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="403] ">Judgment Roll.

<d2.o n="D. ">Estate Administration Proceedings.

<d3.o n="1. ">Nature and Necessity of Administration.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="404] ">Title to Decedent'&apos;s Property.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="405] ">Probate and Administration.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="406] ">Nature of Probate Proceeding.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="407] ">Separate Proceedings Involving One Estate.

<d3.o n="2. ">Practice and Procedure.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="408] ">Judicial Council Forms.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="409] ">New Trial and Relief From Default.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="410] ">Right To Appeal in Estate Administration Proceedings.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="411] ">Appealable Orders in Estate Administration Proceedings.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="412] ">Transactions Affecting Property.

<d3.o n="3. ">Control of Decedent'&apos;s Property.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="413] ">Delivery of Tangible Personal Property.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="414] ">Access to Safe Deposit Box.

<d1.o n="X. ">EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS

<d2.o n="A. " sec="415] ">In General.

<d2.o n="B. ">Special Kinds of Representatives.

<d3.o n="1. ">Public Administrator.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="416] ">Nature of Office.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Temporary Possession or Control of Property.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="417] ">Report To Public Administrator.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="418] ">Duties of Public Administrator.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Appointment as Personal Representative.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="419] ">Procedure.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="420] ">Administration of Estate.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="421] ">Deposit of Money of Estate.

<d4.o n="(e) ">Summary Disposition of Small Estate.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="422] ">Law Revision Commission Report.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="423] ">Authority, Records, and Compensation.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="424] ">Procedure.

<d3.o n="2. ">Special Administrator.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="425] ">Grounds for Appointment.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="426] ">Procedure for Appointment.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="427] ">Powers.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="428] ">Termination of Authority.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="429] ">Compensation.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="430] ">Administrator With Will Annexed.

<d3.o n="4. ">Nonresident Personal Representative.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="431] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="432] ">Service of Process.

<d2.o n="C. ">Appointment of Executors and Administrators.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="433] ">Competency and Qualifications.

<d3.o n="2. ">Executor'&apos;s Right to Appointment.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="434] ">Testator'&apos;s Direction or Intention.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="435] ">Power To Designate Executor.

<d3.o n="3. ">Priority in Appointment of Administrator.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="436] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="437] ">Statutory Priority.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="438] ">Surviving Spouse or Domestic Partner.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="439] ">Relatives.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="440] ">Nominee of Person Entitled.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="441] ">Guardian or Conservator of Person Entitled.

<d4.o n="(g) " sec="442] ">Public Administrator.

<d4.o n="(h) " sec="443] ">Creditor.

<d4.o n="(i) " sec="444] ">Any Other Person.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="445] ">Procedure in Appointment.

<d2.o n="D. ">Letters, Oath, and Bond.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="446] ">Letters and Oath.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="447] ">Statement of Duties and Liabilities.

<d3.o n="3. ">Bond.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="448] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="449] ">Amount.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="450] ">Waiver.

<d2.o n="E. ">Removal From Office.

<d3.o n="1. ">Grounds for Removal.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="451] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="452] ">Mismanagement or Fraud.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="453] ">Neglect of Estate or Duties.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="454] ">Protection of Estate or Interested Persons.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="455] ">Substitution of Person With Higher Priority.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="456] ">Contempt of Court.

<d4.o n="(g) " sec="457] ">Probate of Will or Later Will.

<d3.o n="2. ">Procedure for Removal.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="458] ">Who May Seek Removal.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="459] ">Petition, Citation, Hearing, and Determination.

<d2.o n="F. ">Vacancy in Office.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="460] ">Death, Resignation, Removal, or Other Termination.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="461] ">Vacancy of Fewer Than All Representatives.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="462] ">Vacancy of All Representatives.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="463] ">Acts and Liability of Former Representative.

<d2.o n="G. ">Powers and Duties.

<d3.o n="1. ">In General.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="464] ">Fiduciary Relationship.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="465] ">Standard of Care.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="466] ">Decedent'&apos;s Contracts and New Contracts.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="