5 Summary of California Law (10th), Torts

 

 

<d1.o n="I. ">INTRODUCTION

<d2.o n="A. ">Nature of Torts and Tort Actions.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§1] ">Definitions and Distinctions.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§2] ">Act as Tort and Breach of Contract.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§3] ">Restatement of Torts.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§4] ">Texts, Practice Works, and Commentary.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="[§5] ">Classification of Torts.

<d3.o n="6. ">Legal Duty Toward Person Harmed.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§6] ">General Principle.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Illustrations of No Duty.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§7] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§8] ">Schools.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§9] ">Social Service Agencies.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§10] ">Public Utilities.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Violation of Statute or Constitutional Provision.

<d5.o n="(1) ">In General.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§11] ">Violation as Giving Rise to Tort Liability.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§12] ">Restatement Rule.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§13] ">Legislative Intent Approach.

<d5.o n="(2) ">Illustrations.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§14] ">State Statute.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§15] ">Federal Statute.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§16] ">Federal Constitution.

<d6.o n="(dd) " sec="[§17] ">State Constitution.

<d3.o n="7. " sec="[§18] ">Causation.

<d3.o n="8. ">New Torts and Tort Reform.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§19] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§20] ">Intentional Torts: Prima Facie Tort Doctrine.

<d3.o n="9. " sec="[§21] ">Tort Recovery Precluded by Public Policy: Perjury or False Defense.

<d3.o n="10. " sec="[§22] ">Motive in Tort Law.

<d3.o n="11. " sec="[§23] ">Survival of Tort Liability.

<d2.o n="B. ">Persons or Entities Liable for Tort.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§24] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§25] ">Minors.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§26] ">Mentally Disabled Persons.

<d3.o n="4. ">Liability Between Family Members.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§27] ">Spouses.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§28] ">Parent and Child.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§29] ">Siblings.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="[§30] ">Agents and Employees.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="[§31] ">Representatives.

<d3.o n="7. " sec="[§32] ">Corporations.

<d3.o n="8. ">Corporate Directors and Officers.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§33] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§34] ">Limitation of Liability in Articles.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§35] ">Volunteer Directors or Officers of Nonprofit Corporations.

<d3.o n="9. ">Unincorporated Associations.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§36] ">Judicial Recognition of Liability.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§37] ">Statutory Liability.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Condominiums and Other Common Interest Developments.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§38] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§39] ">Liability for Third-Party Criminal Conduct.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§40] ">Liability of Individual Owners.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§41] ">Volunteer Directors or Officers of Nonprofit Developments.

<d3.o n="10. ">Charities.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§42] ">Liability to Persons Other Than Beneficiaries.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§43] ">Liability to Beneficiaries.

<d2.o n="C. ">Liability of Multiple Tortfeasors.

<d3.o n="1. ">Types of Joint Torts.

<d4.o n="(a) ">Acts in Concert: Joint Tortfeasors.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§44] ">Who Are Joint Tortfeasors.

<d5.o n="(2) ">Civil Conspiracy.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§45] ">Significance of Charge.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§46] ">Wrongful Act.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§47] ">Knowledge and Intent.

<d6.o n="(dd) " sec="[§48] ">Joining Existing Conspiracy.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§49] ">Independent Acts: Concurrent and Successive Tortfeasors.

<d3.o n="2. ">Apportionment of Damages.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§50] ">Common Law Background: Joint and Several Liability.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§51] ">Restatement.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Modification of Joint and Several Liability (Proposition 51).

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§52] ">Nature, Purpose, and Validity.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§53] ">Several Liability for Noneconomic Damages.

<d5.o n="(3) ">Manner of Allocating Damages.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§54] ">Basic Rule.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§55] ">Between Negligent and Intentional Tortfeasors.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§56] ">Between Original and Successive Tortfeasors.

<d6.o n="(dd) " sec="[§57] ">Between Tortfeasors Subject and Not Subject to Liability.

<d6.o n="(ee) " sec="[§58] ">Between Settling and Nonsettling Tortfeasors.

<d6.o n="(ff) " sec="[§59] ">Credit for Workers''&apos; Compensation Benefits.

<d6.o n="(gg) " sec="[§60] ">Applicability of Comparative Equitable Indemnity.

<d5.o n="(4) ">Claims Subject to Proposition 51.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§61] ">In General.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§62] ">Claims Involving Both Negligent and Intentional Torts.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§63] ">Claims Involving Vicarious Liability.

<d6.o n="(dd) " sec="[§64] ">Claims Involving Strict Liability.

<d5.o n="(5) " sec="[§65] ">Proposition 51 Nonretroactive.

<d3.o n="3. ">Action and Judgment.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§66] ">Suit and Judgment Against One or More.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§67] ">Burden of Proof on Defendants.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§68] ">Instructions.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§69] ">Satisfaction of Judgment.

<d3.o n="4. ">Settlement With Fewer Than All Tortfeasors.

<d4.o n="(a) ">In General.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§70] ">Common Law Release Rule.

<d5.o n="(2) ">Statutory Abrogation of Rule.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§71] ">In General.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§72] ">Scope.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§73] ">Effect of General Release.

<d6.o n="(dd) " sec="[§74] ">Application to Alter Ego Liability.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§75] ">Restatement.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§76] ">Time of Settlement.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Requirement of Good Faith.

<d5.o n="(1) ">Nature and Scope of Requirement.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§77] ">In General.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§78] ">Early Cases.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§79] ">Tech-Bilt Test.

<d6.o n="(dd) " sec="[§80] ">Nonmonetary Consideration for Settlement.

<d6.o n="(ee) " sec="[§81] ">Settlement With Cross-Defendant.

<d6.o n="(ff) " sec="[§82] ">Condition That Settling Tortfeasor Participate in Trial.

<d5.o n="(2) ">Determination of Good Faith.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§83] ">Statutory Requirement.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§84] ">Notice or Application.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§85] ">Conduct of Hearing.

<d6.o n="(dd) " sec="[§86] ">Review.

<d6.o n="(ee) " sec="[§87] ">Scope of Statute.

<d4.o n="(d) ">Effect of Good Faith Settlement.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§88] ">General Rule: Bar to Further Claims Against Settling Tortfeasor.

<d5.o n="(2) ">Distinctions and Exceptions.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§89] ">Claims Against Others.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§90] ">Claims Asserted in Independent Action.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§91] ">Claims for Contractual or Statutory Indemnity.

<d6.o n="(dd) " sec="[§92] ">Claims of Nonparties.

<d6.o n="(ee) " sec="[§93] ">Claims of Insurers.

<d6.o n="(ff) " sec="[§94] ">Claims Not Involving Contribution or Indemnity.

<d5.o n="(3) ">Offset to Judgment Against Nonsettling Tortfeasor.

<d6.o n ="aa) " sec="[§95] ">In General.

<d6.o n ="bb) " sec="[§96] ">Valuation of Settlement.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§97] ">Structured Settlement With Periodic Payments.

<d6.o n="(dd) " sec="[§98] ">Settlement Offsetting Entire Judgment.

<d6.o n="(ee) " sec="[§99] ">Noneconomic Damages Under Proposition 51.

<d4.o n="(e) "&g