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Summary of California Law (10th), Equity
I. NATURE AND SCOPE OF EQUITY
<d2.o n="A. In General.
<d3.o n="1. [§1] Classification
of Topics.
<d3.o n="2. [§2] Distinctive
Features of Equity.
<d3.o n="3. [§3] Adequacy of
Legal Remedy.
<d2.o n="B. Equitable Maxims and Other General Doctrines.
<d3.o n="1. [§4] Substance
Rather Than Form.
<d3.o n="2. [§5] Equity
Regards That Which Ought To Be Done as Done.
<d3.o n="3. [§6] Party Must Do
Equity.
<d3.o n="4. [§7] Taking
Advantage of One''s
Own Wrong.
<d3.o n="5. [§8] Equal
Equities and Bona Fide Purchase.
<d3.o n="6. Clean Hands.
<d4.o n="(a) [§9] Nature of
Defense.
<d4.o n="(b) [§10] Factors Considered.
<d4.o n="(c) [§11] Illustrations:
Defense Sustained.
<d4.o n="(d) Exceptions.
<d5.o n="(1) [§12] Misconduct
Not Related to Transaction.
<d5.o n="(2) [§13] Misconduct
Not Prejudicial.
<d5.o n="(3) [§14] Plaintiff''s Conduct Less Culpable.
<d5.o n="(4) [§15] Public
Policy Favoring Relief.
<d3.o n="7. Laches.
<d4.o n="(a) [§16] Nature of
Defense.
<d4.o n="(b) [§17] Use
Against Public Entity
<d4.o n="(c) [§18] Prejudice
Not Shown.
<d4.o n="(d) [§19] Prejudice
Shown.
<d3.o n="8. Relief Against Forfeiture.
<d4.o n="(a) [§20] Equitable
Doctrine Codified.
<d4.o n="(b) [§21] Illustrations.
<d4.o n="(c) [§22] Wilful
Breach or Default.
<d2.o n="C. [§23] Marshaling
Assets.
II. SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACTS
<d2.o n="A. In General.
<d3.o n="1. [§24] Adequacy
of Legal Remedy.
<d3.o n="2. [§25] Negative
Covenants.
<d3.o n="3. [§26] Damages in
Lieu of Specific Performance.
<d3.o n="4. [§27] Damages
Incidental to Specific Performance.
5. [§27A] (New) Attorneys' Fees Are
Not Incidental to Specific Performance.
<d2.o n="B. When Specific Performance May Be Granted.
<d3.o n="1. Contract Concerning Real Property.
<d4.o n="(a) [§28] Action by
Purchaser.
<d4.o n="(b) [§29] Action by
Vendor.
<d3.o n="2. [§30] Contract
Concerning Personal Property.
<d3.o n="3. Contract To Make Will or Deed.
<d4.o n="(a) [§31] Quasi-Specific
Performance by Constructive Trust.
<d4.o n="(b) [§32] Imposition
of Trust During Promisor''s
Lifetime.
<d4.o n="(c) [§33] Defenses.
<d3.o n="4. [§34] Employee''s Agreement Not To Compete.
<d3.o n="5. [§35] Collective
Bargaining Agreement.
<d3.o n="6. [§36] Arbitration
Agreement.
<d3.o n="7. [§37] Other
Contracts.
<d2.o n="C. When Specific Performance Will Be Denied.
<d3.o n="1. [§38] Consideration
Is Inadequate.
<d3.o n="2. Contract Is Unjust or Unreasonable.
<d4.o n="(a) [§39] In
General.
<d4.o n="(b) [§40] Unconscionable
Contract.
<d3.o n="3. [§41] Fraud,
Unfair Practices, or Mistake.
<d3.o n="4. Contract Is Uncertain.
<d4.o n="(a) [§42] In
General.
<d4.o n="(b) [§43] Illustrations:
Uncertainty Fatal.
<d4.o n="(c) [§44] Illustrations:
Contract Enforced.
<d3.o n="5. [§45] Continuous
Acts Requiring Supervision.
<d3.o n="6. [§46] Statute of
Frauds.
<d3.o n="7. [§47] Contract
Is Illegal or Impossible.
<d3.o n="8. Personal Service Contracts.
<d4.o n="(a) [§48] General
Rule Against Specific Performance.
<d4.o n="(b) When Specific Enforcement Is Proper.
<d5.o n="(1) [§49] Personal
Performance Is Not Required.
<d5.o n="(2) [§50] Indirect
Enforcement by Negative Decree.
<d4.o n="(c) Unique Personal Services.
<d5.o n="(1) [§51] Nature and
Purpose of Statute.
<d5.o n="(2) [§52] Option To
Pay Is Insufficient.
<d3.o n="9. Counterperformance Is Not Secured.
<d4.o n="(a) [§53] Former
Defense of Lack of Mutuality.
<d4.o n="(b) [§54] Requirement
of Security.
<d4.o n="(c) [§55] Offer of
Performance by Nonsigner.
<d2.o n="D. Failure of Performance by Vendor or Purchaser.
<d3.o n="1. Vendor''s
Default: Defect in Title.
<d4.o n="(a) Where Vendor Is Plaintiff.
<d5.o n="(1) [§56] In
General.
<d5.o n="(2) [§57] Specific
Performance With Compensation.
<d4.o n="(b) Where Vendor Is Defendant.
<d5.o n="(1) [§58] In
General.
<d5.o n="(2) [§59] Time for
Removing Defect.
<d3.o n="2. Purchaser''s Default: Failure To Pay.
<d4.o n="(a) Former Right of Forfeiture.
<d5.o n="(1) [§60] In
General.
<d5.o n="(2) [§61] Waiver of
Right.
<d4.o n="(b) Relief Against Forfeiture.
<d5.o n="(1) [§62] Purchaser
Free From Serious Fault.
<d5.o n="(2) Wilful Default: Restitution.
<d6.o n="(aa) [§63] In
General.
<d6.o n="(bb) [§64] Extent of
Relief.
<d6.o n="(cc) [§65] No
Recovery Where No Unjust Enrichment.
<d5.o n="(3) Wilful Default: Specific Performance.
<d6.o n="(aa) [§66] Conditional
Judgment.
<d6.o n="(bb) [§67] Restitution
Analogy.
<d5.o n="(4) [§68] Wilful
Default: Redemption.
<d5.o n="(5) [§69] Relief to
Optionee.
<d5.o n="(6) [§70] No Relief
Where Contract Is Executed.
III. EQUITABLE RELIEF AGAINST TORTS: IN GENERAL
<d2.o n="A. [§71] Nature of
Relief.
<d2.o n="B. Equity Jurisdiction Over Criminal Acts.
<d3.o n="1. No Injunction Against Offender.
<d4.o n="(a) [§72] In
General.
<d4.o n="(b) [§73] Exception:
Public Nuisance.
<d4.o n="(c) [§74] Exception:
Statutory Authorization.
<d3.o n="2. [§75] No
Injunction Against Prosecution.
<d2.o n="C. Wrongful Invasion of Personal Rights.
<d3.o n="1. [§76] In
General.
<d3.o n="2. [§77] Illustrations.
<d2.o n="D. Trademark and Trade Name Infringement.
<d3.o n="1. [§78] Theory of
Infringement.
<d3.o n="2. [§79] Statutory
Protection.
<d3.o n="3. [§80] Remedies
and Defenses.
IV. EQUITABLE RELIEF AGAINST TORTS: MISAPPROPRIATION
OF TRADE SECRETS
<d2.o n="A. In General.
<d3.o n="1. [§81] Theory of
Protection.
<d3.o n="2. [§82] What
Constitutes Trade Secret.
<d3.o n="3. [§83] Remedies.
<d3.o n="4. [§84] Protection
of Patentable Process.
<d3.o n="5. [§85] Inevitable
Disclosure Doctrine Rejected.
<d2.o n="B. Uniform Trade Secrets Act.
<d3.o n="1. [§86] In
General.
<d3.o n="2. [§87] Definitions.
<d3.o n="3. [§88] When Claim
Arises.
<d3.o n="4. [§89] Injunction.
<d3.o n="5. [§90] Damages.
<d3.o n="6. [§91] Attorneys'' Fees.
<d3.o n="7. [§92] Orders To
Preserve Secrecy.
<d2.o n="C. Customers'' Lists and Requirements.
<d3.o n="1. Trade Secret: Solicitation Enjoined.
<d4.o n="(a) [§93] Confidential
List of Customers.
<d4.o n="(b) [§94] Special
Requirements of Customers.
<d3.o n="2. [§95] No Trade
Secret: Solicitation Allowed.
<d3.o n="3. [§96] Announcement
of Change in Employment.
V. EQUITABLE RELIEF AGAINST TORTS: UNFAIR
COMPETITION
<d2.o n="A. [§97] Restatement
3d.
<d2.o n="B. Imitation of Appearance or Name.
<d3.o n="1. Nature of Protection.
<d4.o n="(a) [§98] In
General.
<d4.o n="(b) [§99] Likelihood
of Deception.
<d4.o n="(c) [§100] Secondary
Meaning Test.
<d3.o n="2. Illustrations.
<d4.o n="(a) [§101] Likelihood
of Deception Shown.
<d4.o n="(b) [§102] Evidence
of Confusion Insufficient.
<d3.o n="3. [§103] Noncompetitive
Businesses.
<d3.o n="4. [§104] Employee
Agreements.
<d2.o n="C. Unfair Competition Law.
<d3.o n="1. [§105] In
General.
<d3.o n="2. Broadened Scope of Unfair Competition Law.
<d4.o n="(a) [§106] In General.
<d4.o n="(b) [§107] Unfair
Practices.
<d4.o n="(c) [§108] Unlawful
Practices.
<d3.o n="3. Illustrations: Prohibited Practices.
<d4.o n="(a) [§109] False
Advertising.
<d4.o n="(b) [§110] Unfair
Credit and Debt Collection Practices.
<d4.o n="(c) [§111] Employment
Practices.
<d4.o n="(d) [§112] Insurance
Practices.
<d4.o n="(e) [§113] Health
Care Practices.
<d4.o n="(f) [§114] Telecommunication
Practices.
<d4.o n="(g) [§115] Vehicle
Towing Practices.
<d4.o n="(h) [§116] Rental
Car Company Practices.
<d4.o n="(i) [§117] Other
Practices.
<d3.o n="4. Illustrations: Permissible Practices.
<d4.o n="(a) [§118] Employment
Practices.
<d4.o n="(b) [§119] Insurance
Practices.
<d4.o n="(c) [§120] Health
Care Practices.
<d4.o n="(d) [§121] Rental
Car Company Practices.
<d4.o n="(e) [§122] Lending
Practices.
(e-1) [§122A] (New) Telecommunications
Practices.
<d4.o n="(f) [§123] Other
Practices.
<d3.o n="5. Procedure.
<d4.o n="(a) [§124] Parties.
<d4.o n="(b) Remedies.
<d5.o n="(1) [§125] In
General.
<d5.o n="(2) [§126] Civil
Penalties.
<d5.o n="(3) [§127] Disgorgement
of Unlawful Profits into Fluid Recovery Fund.
<d4.o n="(c) [§128] Statute
of Limitations and Defenses.
<d4.o n="(d) [§129] Appellate
Procedure.
<d2.o n="D. Right To Compete Act.
<d3.o n="1. [§130] Nature
and Purpose of Act.
<d3.o n="2. [§131] Unlawful
Advertising Practices.
<d3.o n="3. [§132] Permissible
Practices.
VI. EQUITABLE RELIEF AGAINST TORTS: NUISANCES
<d2.o n="A. In General.
<d3.o n="1. [§133] Statutory
Framework.
<d3.o n="2. [§134] Restatement
2d.
<d3.o n="3. [§135] Public
and Private Nuisances.
<d3.o n="4. [§136] Trespass
Distinguished.
<d3.o n="5. [§137] Subsurface
Encroachment Distinguished.
<d2.o n="B. Types of Conduct or Activity.
<d3.o n="1. [§138] Physical
Interference With Land.
<d3.o n="2. Interference With Present Enjoyment of Land.
<d4.o n="(a) [§139] Air
Pollution and Noise.
<d4.o n="(b) [§140] Other
Conditions or Activities.
<d4.o n="(c) [§141] Failure
To Act.
<d3.o n="3. [§142] Danger of
Future Injury.
<d3.o n="4. [§143] Mental
and Emotional Disturbance.
<d3.o n="5. [§144] Exhibition
of Obscene Matter.
<d3.o n="6. Nuisances Per Se.
<d4.o n="(a) [§145] In
General.
<d4.o n="(b) Red Light Abatement Law.
<d5.o n="(1) [§146] In
General.
<d5.o n="(2) [§147] Live
Commercial Adult Entertainment.
<d5.o n="(3) [§148] Action
and Temporary Relief.
<d5.o n="(4) [§149] Decision
and Order.
<d4.o n="(c) [§150] Other
Statutes.
<d4.o n="(d) [§151] Municipal
Ordinances.
<d4.o n="(e) [§152] Distinction:
Lawful Business.
<d2.o n="C. Remedies.
<d3.o n="1. [§153] Against
Private Nuisance.
<d3.o n="2. Against Public Nuisance.
<d4.o n="(a) [§154] Abatement
and Injunction.
<d4.o n="(b) [§155] Action By
State for Damages.
<d4.o n="(c) [§156] Demolition
or Destruction.
<d4.o n="(d) [§157] Criminal
Proceedings.
<d4.o n="(e) [§158] No
Private Remedy.
<d3.o n="3. [§159] Scope of
Injunction.
<d2.o n="D. Defenses.
<d3.o n="1. Statutory Authority or Permission.
<d4.o n="(a) [§160] In
General.
<d4.o n="(b) [§161] Illustrations:
No Express Authority.
<d4.o n="(c) [§162] Properly
Conducted Shooting Range.
<d4.o n="(d) [§163] Properly
Conducted Agricultural Enterprise.
<d3.o n="2. [§164] Permit.
<d3.o n="3. [§165] Zoning
Regulations.
<d3.o n="4. [§166] Due Care
and Consent Are Not Defenses.
<d3.o n="5. Comparative Negligence.
<d4.o n="(a) [§167] In
General.
<d4.o n="(b) [§168] Negligence
Causing Injury to Property.
<d3.o n="6. Balancing Conveniences (Relative Hardship).
<d4.o n="(a) [§169] Nature of
Doctrine.
<d4.o n="(b) [§170] Doctrine
Is Not Applicable To Wilful Conduct.
<d4.o n="(c) [§171] Hardship
Must Be Shown.
<d4.o n="(d) [§172] Encroachments.
<d4.o n="(e) [§173] Other Situations.
VII. EQUITABLE CONVERSION
<d2.o n="A. Equitable Conversion by Contract.
<d3.o n="1. [§174] In
General.
<d3.o n="2. [§175] Risk of
Loss.
<d3.o n="3. [§176] Effect of
Insurance.
<d2.o n="B. [§177] Equitable
Conversion by Will.
VIII. EQUITABLE INDEMNITY, CONTRIBUTION, AND
SUBROGATION
<d2.o n="A. [§178] Equitable
Indemnity: Reimbursement From Principal.
<d2.o n="B. Equitable Contribution From Co-Obligor.
<d3.o n="1. [§179] Nature of
Doctrine.
<d3.o n="2. [§180] Equitable
Subrogation Distinguished.
<d3.o n="3. [§181] Illustrations:
Partnership Cases.
<d3.o n="4. [§182] Illustrations:
Insurance Cases.
<d2.o n="C. Equitable Subrogation: Surety''s Recovery From Obligor.
<d3.o n="1. [§183] Nature of
Doctrine.
<d3.o n="2. [§184] Illustrations:
Insurance Cases.
<d3.o n="3. [§185] Illustrations:
Other Cases.
<d3.o n="3. Limitations on Doctrine.
<d4.o n="(a) [§186] No
Recovery by Volunteer.
<d4.o n="(b) [§187] No
Recovery Against Innocent Third Party.
<d4.o n="(c) [§188] Nonassignable
Claim.
<d4.o n="(d) [§189] Party
Fully Compensated.
IX. EQUITABLE ESTOPPEL
<d2.o n="A. In General.
<d3.o n="1. [§190] Nature of
Doctrine.
<d3.o n="2. [§191] Elements
of Claim.
<d3.o n="3. [§192] Fraudulent
Intent Is Unnecessary.
<d3.o n="4. [§193] Distinctions.
<d3.o n="5. [§194] Illustrations.
<d2.o n="B. Estoppel Against Governmental Agency.
<d3.o n="1. Estoppel Denied.
<d4.o n="(a) [§195] Early
Strict Approach.
<d4.o n="(b) [§196] Public
Protection.
<d4.o n="(c) [§197] Zoning
Cases.
<d4.o n="(d) [§198] Other
Grounds for Denial.
<d3.o n="2. Estoppel Upheld.
<d4.o n="(a) [§199] Balancing
Approach.
<d4.o n="(b) [§200] Illustrations.
(c)
[§201]
Estoppel Applied in
Administrative Hearing.