11
Summary of California Law (10th), Community Property
I. CHARACTERIZATION OF PROPERTY
<d2.o n="A. In General.
<d3.o n="1. [§1] Community
Property System.
<d3.o n="2. [§2] Development
of Modern California Law.
<d3.o n="3. [§3] Property
Rights During Marriage.
<d2.o n="B. Separate and Community Property.
<d3.o n="1. [§4] Community
Property.
<d3.o n="2. [§5] Separate
Property.
<d3.o n="3. [§6] Practical
Effects of Distinction.
<d3.o n="4. Time of Acquisition.
<d4.o n="(a) [§7] Inception
of Title Theory.
<d4.o n="(b) [§8] Equitable
Title Theory.
<d4.o n="(c) Acquisition While Separated.
<d5.o n="(1) [§9] Former Law.
<d5.o n="(2) [§10] Current Law.
<d5.o n="(3) [§11] Valuation
Based on Date of Separation.
<d5.o n="(4) [§12] Permanent
Separation.
<d5.o n="(5) [§13] Accumulations.
<d3.o n="5. [§14] Separate
Property Acquired During Marriage.
<d2.o n="C. Presumptions.
<d3.o n="1. General Presumption of Community Property.
<d4.o n="(a) [§15] Nature and
Effect.
<d4.o n="(b) Distinction: Family Expense Presumption.
<d5.o n="(1) [§16] Theory of
Presumption.
<d5.o n="(2) [§17] Contrary Rule
of See Case.
<d5.o n="(3) [§18] Payments
Made After Separation.
<d3.o n="2. Transfer to Married Woman.
<d4.o n="(a) [§19] Former
Presumption of Separate Property.
<d4.o n="(b) [§20] Abolition
of Presumption.
<d3.o n="3. Transfer to Married Woman and Others.
<d4.o n="(a) [§21] To Wife
and Stranger.
<d4.o n="(b) To Wife and Husband.
<d5.o n="(1) [§22] Community
Property.
<d5.o n="(2) [§23] Exception:
Driving With Permission Law.
<d2.o n="D. Marital Agreements.
<d3.o n="1. [§24] In
General.
<d3.o n="2. [§25] Requisites
of Premarital Agreements.
<d3.o n="3. . [§26] Subjects
of Premarital Agreements.
<d3.o n="4. . Defenses in Action To Enforce Premarital
Agreement.
<d4.o n="(a) [§27] In
General.
<d4.o n="(b) Involuntary or Unconscionable Agreements.
<d5.o n="(1) [§28] In
General.
<d5.o n="(2) [§29] Lack of
Independent Counsel.
<d4.o n="(c) [§30] Void
Marriage.
<d4.o n="(d) [§31] Statute of
Limitations and Equitable Defenses.
<d4.o n="(e) [§32] Agreements
Violating Public Policy.
<d3.o n="5. [§33]
Restrictions on Alteration of Spouses'
Legal Relations.
<d2.o n="E. Conflict of Laws.
<d3.o n="1. [§34] Personal
Property Brought to California.
<d3.o n="2. [§35] Real
Property Purchased Elsewhere.
II. ACQUISITION OF COMMUNITY PROPERTY
<d2.o n="A. [§36] In
General.
<d2.o n="B. [§37] Earnings.
<d2.o n="C. Personal Injury Damages.
<d3.o n="1. [§38] Original
Community Property Rule.
<d3.o n="2. [§39] Later
Separate Property Rule.
<d3.o n="3. [§40] Community
Property Rule Restored.
<d3.o n="4. [§41] Exceptions:
Separate Property.
<d3.o n="5. [§42] Reimbursement
for Expenses.
<d3.o n="6. [§43] Spouse's Negligence as Concurring
Cause.
<d2.o n="D. Proceeds of Community Property.
<d3.o n="1. [§44] In
General.
<d3.o n="2. [§45] Proceeds
of Personal Injury Damages.
<d3.o n="3. [§46] Profits
From Community Property Business.
<d3.o n="4. Proceeds of Insurance.
<d4.o n="(a) [§47] Whole Life
Insurance.
<d4.o n="(b) [§48] Term Life
Insurance.
<d4.o n="(c) [§49] Term
Health Insurance.
<d4.o n="(d) [§50] Veteran's Insurance.
<d4.o n="(e) [§51] Federal
Employees' Insurance.
<d3.o n="5. Proceeds of Earnings.
<d4.o n="(a) [§52] In
General.
<d4.o n="(b) [§53] Insurance
Agent's Termination
Benefits.
<d4.o n="(c) Severance Pay.
<d5.o n="(1) [§54] Community
Property.
<d5.o n="(2) [§55] Separate
Property.
<d5.o n="(3) [§56] Military
Severance Pay and Reenlistment.
<d4.o n="(d) [§57] Stock
Options.
<d3.o n="6. Pensions and Retirement Benefits.
<d4.o n="(a) [§58] Nature and
Types of Pension Plans.
<d4.o n="(b) [§59] Vested
Pension Rights.
<d4.o n="(c) [§60] Nonvested
Pension Rights.
<d4.o n="(d) [§61] Enhanced
Early Retirement Benefits.
<d4.o n="(e) Federal Employee Retirement Income Security Act
(ERISA).
<d5.o n="(1) [§62] Preemptive
Effect of ERISA.
<d5.o n="(2) [§63] Exception
for Qualified Domestic Relations Order.
<d4.o n="(f) [§64] Railroad
Retirement Act Benefits.
<d4.o n="(g) Time Rule for Determining Community Interest.
<d5.o n="(1) [§65] Basic
Formula.
<d5.o n="(2) [§66] Distinctions.
<d4.o n="(h) Former Terminable Interest Rule.
<d5.o n="(1) [§67] Nature of
Rule.
<d5.o n="(2) [§68] Statutory
Abrogation of Rule.
<d4.o n="(i) [§69] Election
Not To Retire.
<d4.o n="(j) [§70] Withdrawal
and Redeposit of Contributions.
<d4.o n="(k) [§71] Payment as
Discharge.
<d4.o n="(l) Division of Benefits.
<d5.o n="(1) [§72] In
General.
<d5.o n="(2) [§73] Nonemployee
Spouse's Right to
Immediate Payment.
<d5.o n="(3) [§74] Date of
Entitlement to Immediate Payment.
<d5.o n="(4) [§75] Waiver of
Immediate Payment Rights.
<d5.o n="(5) [§76] Award to
Employee Spouse With Offset.
<d5.o n="(6) [§77] Survivor
and Death Benefits.
<d3.o n="7. Military Retirement Benefits.
<d4.o n="(a) Former California Law.
<d5.o n="(1) [§78] In
General.
<d5.o n="(2) [§79] Law Held
Unconstitutional.
<d4.o n="(b) Federal Uniformed Services Former Spouses
Protection Act (FUSFSPA).
<d5.o n="(1) [§80] Nature and
Effect of Statute.
<d5.o n="(2) [§81] Retroactivity.
<d4.o n="(c) [§82] Nonemployee
Spouse's Election.
<d4.o n="(d) [§83] Support
Order To Enforce Division.
<d4.o n="(e) [§84] Separation
Incentive Payments.
<d4.o n="(f) [§85] Forfeiture
of Pension.
<d3.o n="8. Military Disability Pay.
<d4.o n="(a) [§86] Former
Separate Property Rule.
<d4.o n="(b) [§87] Only
Disability Pay in Excess of Retirement Benefits Is Separate Property.
<d4.o n="(c) [§88] Disposable
Versus Gross Retirement Benefits.
<d4.o n="(d) Effect of Waiver of Retirement Benefits.
<d5.o n="(1) [§89] Federal
Preemption of Community Property Division.
<d5.o n="(2) [§90] Distinction:
Postjudgment Election of Disability Over Retirement Benefits.
<d3.o n="9. Employment or Insurance Disability Benefits.
<d4.o n="(a) [§91] Only
Disability Pay in Excess of Retirement Benefits Is Separate Property.
<d4.o n="(b) [§92] Division
Where Vested Retirement Benefits Mature After Disability Payments.
<d4.o n="(c) Disability Insurance Benefits.
<d5.o n="(1) [§93] Community
Interest in Benefits.
<d5.o n="(2) [§94] Distinction:
Postseparation Renewal of Policy With Separate Funds.
<d3.o n="10. . Judges'
Retirement Benefits.
<d4.o n="(a) [§95] Nature of
Benefits.
<d4.o n="(b) [§96] Application
of Time Rule.
<d3.o n="11. [§97] Social
Security Benefits.
<d3.o n="12. [§98] Other
Proceeds.
<d2.o n="E. Credit Acquisitions.
<d3.o n="1. [§99] Lender's Intent Governs Character.
<d3.o n="2. [§100] Proof of
Lender's Intent.
<d2.o n="F. Goodwill of Profession or Business.
<d3.o n="1. [§101] In
General.
<d3.o n="2. Valuation.
<d4.o n="(a) [§102] In
General.
<d4.o n="(b) [§103] No
Consideration of Future Earnings.
<d4.o n="(c) [§104] Market
Value as Measure of Goodwill.
<d4.o n="(d) [§105] Effect of
Agreement Relating to Goodwill.
<d4.o n="(e) [§106] Date of
Valuation of Law Practice.
<d4.o n="(f) [§107] Particular
Valuation Methods.
<d2.o n="G. Educational Degree or License.
<d3.o n="1. [§108] In
General.
<d3.o n="2. [§109] Nature
and Scope of Reimbursement Statute.
<d3.o n="3. [§110] Reimbursement
Requirements.
<d2.o n="H. [§111] Other
Assets.
III. COMMINGLING OF COMMUNITY AND SEPARATE PROPERTY
<d2.o n="A. In General.
<d3.o n="1. [§112] Where
Each Fund Is Traceable.
<d3.o n="2. [§113] Where
Funds Are Not Traceable.
<d3.o n="3. [§114] Recordkeeping
Requirements.
<d2.o n="B. Improvement of Separate Property.
<d3.o n="1. [§115] Former
Traditional Rule.
<d3.o n="2. [§116] Current
Rule: Reimbursement to Community.
<d2.o n="C. Payments for Benefit of Separate Property.
<d3.o n="1. [§117] Taxes or
Encumbrances.
<d3.o n="2. Part of Purchase Price.
<d4.o n="(a) [§118] Community
Interest in Enhanced Value.
<d4.o n="(b) [§119] Apportionment
of Separate and Community Property Interests.
<d3.o n="3. [§120] Part of
Insurance Premiums.
<d2.o n="D. Profits From Separate Property Business.
<d3.o n="1. In General.
<d4.o n="(a) [§121] Duty To
Apportion.
<d4.o n="(b) [§122] Alternative
Apportionment Methods.
<d4.o n="(c) [§