11 Summary of California Law (10th), Community Property

 

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<d1.o n="I. ">CHARACTERIZATION OF PROPERTY

<d2.o n="A. ">In General.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="1] ">Community Property System.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="2] ">Development of Modern California Law.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="3] ">Property Rights During Marriage.

<d2.o n="B. ">Separate and Community Property.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="4] ">Community Property.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="5] ">Separate Property.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="6] ">Practical Effects of Distinction.

<d3.o n="4. ">Time of Acquisition.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="7] ">Inception of Title Theory.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="8] ">Equitable Title Theory.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Acquisition While Separated.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="9] ">Former Law.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="10] ">Current Law.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="11] ">Valuation Based on Date of Separation.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="12] ">Permanent Separation.

<d5.o n="(5) " sec="13] ">Accumulations.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="14] ">Separate Property Acquired During Marriage.

<d2.o n="C. ">Presumptions.

<d3.o n="1. ">General Presumption of Community Property.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="15] ">Nature and Effect.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Distinction: Family Expense Presumption.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="16] ">Theory of Presumption.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="17] ">Contrary Rule of See Case.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="18] ">Payments Made After Separation.

<d3.o n="2. ">Transfer to Married Woman.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="19] ">Former Presumption of Separate Property.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="20] ">Abolition of Presumption.

<d3.o n="3. ">Transfer to Married Woman and Others.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="21] ">To Wife and Stranger.

<d4.o n="(b) ">To Wife and Husband.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="22] ">Community Property.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="23] ">Exception: Driving With Permission Law.

<d2.o n="D. ">Marital Agreements.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="24] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="25] ">Requisites of Premarital Agreements.

<d3.o n="3. . " sec="26] ">Subjects of Premarital Agreements.

<d3.o n="4. . ">Defenses in Action To Enforce Premarital Agreement.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="27] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Involuntary or Unconscionable Agreements.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="28] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="29] ">Lack of Independent Counsel.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="30] ">Void Marriage.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="31] ">Statute of Limitations and Equitable Defenses.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="32] ">Agreements Violating Public Policy.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="33] "> Restrictions on Alteration of Spouses'&apos; Legal Relations.

<d2.o n="E. ">Conflict of Laws.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="34] ">Personal Property Brought to California.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="35] ">Real Property Purchased Elsewhere.

<d1.o n="II. ">ACQUISITION OF COMMUNITY PROPERTY

<d2.o n="A. " sec="36] ">In General.

<d2.o n="B. " sec="37] ">Earnings.

<d2.o n="C. ">Personal Injury Damages.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="38] ">Original Community Property Rule.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="39] ">Later Separate Property Rule.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="40] ">Community Property Rule Restored.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="41] ">Exceptions: Separate Property.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="42] ">Reimbursement for Expenses.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="43] ">Spouse'&apos;s Negligence as Concurring Cause.

<d2.o n="D. ">Proceeds of Community Property.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="44] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="45] ">Proceeds of Personal Injury Damages.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="46] ">Profits From Community Property Business.

<d3.o n="4. ">Proceeds of Insurance.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="47] ">Whole Life Insurance.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="48] ">Term Life Insurance.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="49] ">Term Health Insurance.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="50] ">Veteran'&apos;s Insurance.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="51] ">Federal Employees'&apos; Insurance.

<d3.o n="5. ">Proceeds of Earnings.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="52] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="53] ">Insurance Agent'&apos;s Termination Benefits.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Severance Pay.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="54] ">Community Property.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="55] ">Separate Property.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="56] ">Military Severance Pay and Reenlistment.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="57] ">Stock Options.

<d3.o n="6. ">Pensions and Retirement Benefits.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="58] ">Nature and Types of Pension Plans.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="59] ">Vested Pension Rights.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="60] ">Nonvested Pension Rights.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="61] ">Enhanced Early Retirement Benefits.

<d4.o n="(e) ">Federal Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA).

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="62] ">Preemptive Effect of ERISA.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="63] ">Exception for Qualified Domestic Relations Order.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="64] ">Railroad Retirement Act Benefits.

<d4.o n="(g) ">Time Rule for Determining Community Interest.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="65] ">Basic Formula.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="66] ">Distinctions.

<d4.o n="(h) ">Former Terminable Interest Rule.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="67] ">Nature of Rule.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="68] ">Statutory Abrogation of Rule.

<d4.o n="(i) " sec="69] ">Election Not To Retire.

<d4.o n="(j) " sec="70] ">Withdrawal and Redeposit of Contributions.

<d4.o n="(k) " sec="71] ">Payment as Discharge.

<d4.o n="(l) ">Division of Benefits.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="72] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="73] ">Nonemployee Spouse'&apos;s Right to Immediate Payment.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="74] ">Date of Entitlement to Immediate Payment.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="75] ">Waiver of Immediate Payment Rights.

<d5.o n="(5) " sec="76] ">Award to Employee Spouse With Offset.

<d5.o n="(6) " sec="77] ">Survivor and Death Benefits.

<d3.o n="7. ">Military Retirement Benefits.

<d4.o n="(a) ">Former California Law.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="78] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="79] ">Law Held Unconstitutional.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Federal Uniformed Services Former Spouses Protection Act (FUSFSPA).

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="80] ">Nature and Effect of Statute.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="81] ">Retroactivity.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="82] ">Nonemployee Spouse'&apos;s Election.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="83] ">Support Order To Enforce Division.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="84] ">Separation Incentive Payments.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="85] ">Forfeiture of Pension.

<d3.o n="8. ">Military Disability Pay.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="86] ">Former Separate Property Rule.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="87] ">Only Disability Pay in Excess of Retirement Benefits Is Separate Property.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="88] ">Disposable Versus Gross Retirement Benefits.

<d4.o n="(d) ">Effect of Waiver of Retirement Benefits.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="89] ">Federal Preemption of Community Property Division.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="90] ">Distinction: Postjudgment Election of Disability Over Retirement Benefits.

<d3.o n="9. ">Employment or Insurance Disability Benefits.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="91] ">Only Disability Pay in Excess of Retirement Benefits Is Separate Property.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="92] ">Division Where Vested Retirement Benefits Mature After Disability Payments.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Disability Insurance Benefits.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="93] ">Community Interest in Benefits.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="94] ">Distinction: Postseparation Renewal of Policy With Separate Funds.

<d3.o n="10. . ">Judges'&apos; Retirement Benefits.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="95] ">Nature of Benefits.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="96] ">Application of Time Rule.

<d3.o n="11. " sec="97] ">Social Security Benefits.

<d3.o n="12. " sec="98] ">Other Proceeds.

<d2.o n="E. ">Credit Acquisitions.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="99] ">Lender'&apos;s Intent Governs Character.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="100] ">Proof of Lender'&apos;s Intent.

<d2.o n="F. ">Goodwill of Profession or Business.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="101] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. ">Valuation.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="102] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="103] ">No Consideration of Future Earnings.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="104] ">Market Value as Measure of Goodwill.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="105] ">Effect of Agreement Relating to Goodwill.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="106] ">Date of Valuation of Law Practice.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="107] ">Particular Valuation Methods.

<d2.o n="G. ">Educational Degree or License.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="108] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="109] ">Nature and Scope of Reimbursement Statute.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="110] ">Reimbursement Requirements.

<d2.o n="H. " sec="111] ">Other Assets.

<d1.o n="III. ">COMMINGLING OF COMMUNITY AND SEPARATE PROPERTY

<d2.o n="A. ">In General.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="112] ">Where Each Fund Is Traceable.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="113] ">Where Funds Are Not Traceable.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="114] ">Recordkeeping Requirements.

<d2.o n="B. ">Improvement of Separate Property.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="115] ">Former Traditional Rule.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="116] ">Current Rule: Reimbursement to Community.

<d2.o n="C. ">Payments for Benefit of Separate Property.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="117] ">Taxes or Encumbrances.

<d3.o n="2. ">Part of Purchase Price.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="118] ">Community Interest in Enhanced Value.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="119] ">Apportionment of Separate and Community Property Interests.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="120] ">Part of Insurance Premiums.

<d2.o n="D. ">Profits From Separate Property Business.

<d3.o n="1. ">In General.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="121] ">Duty To Apportion.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="122] ">Alternative Apportionment Methods.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="123] ">Where Apportionment Is Not Required.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="124] ">Amount Over Investment Plus Fair Return.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="125] ">Fluctuating Value With No Net Increase.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="126] ">Salary or Value of Services.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="127] ">Time Rule.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="128] ">Farming on Separate Property.

<d1.o n="IV. ">TITLE AND CONTROL

<d2.o n="A. ">Interest of Spouses.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="129] ">Former Law.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="130] ">Present, Existing, and Equal Interest.

<d2.o n="B. ">Management and Control.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="131] ">Former Law: Control by Husband.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="132] ">Current Law: Control by Either Spouse.

<d3.o n="3. ">Duty To Act as Fiduciary.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="133] ">Statutory Requirement.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="134] ">Action for Breach of Duty.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="135] ">Spouse Operating Business.

<d2.o n="C. ">Restrictions on Control.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="136] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. ">Gift of Community Property.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="137] ">Statutory Limitation.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="138] ">Permissible Transactions.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Recovery of One-Half After Death.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="139] ">Rule and Theory.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="140] ">Survival of Right.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="141] ">Life Insurance Policy.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="142] ">Qualification: Intention of Donor Spouse.

<d4.o n="(d) ">Right To Recover the Whole.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="143] ">During Marriage.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="144] ">Where Property Is Commingled.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="145] ">Personal Liability of Spouse or Estate.

<d3.o n="3. ">Transfers for Consideration.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="146] ">Personal Property.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Real Property.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="147] ">Requirement of Spouse'&apos;s Consent.

<d5.o n="(2) ">Lien on Community Realty.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="148] ">Entire Lien Is Voidable.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="149] ">Distinction: Family Law Attorney'&apos;s Lien.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="150] ">Bona Fide Purchasers.

<d2.o n="D. ">Transfers Between Husband and Wife.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="151] ">Former Case Law.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="152] ">Law Revision Commission Report.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="153] ">Authority To Transmute.

<d3.o n="4. ">Form of Transmutation.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="154] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="155] ">Writing Requirement.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="156] ">Estate Planning Transactions.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="157] ">Conversion to Community Property With Right of Survivorship.

<d2.o n="E. ">Management or Disposition Where Spouse Lacks Capacity.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="158] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="159] ">Management, Control, and Disposition.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="160] ">Substitute for Joinder or Consent.

<d3.o n="4. ">Proceeding for Particular Transactions.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="161] ">Nature of Proceeding.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="162] ">Authorized Transactions.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="163] ">Petition.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="164] ">Notice and Hearing.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="165] ">Orders.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="166] ">Consummation of Transaction.

<d3.o n="5. ">Support of Conservatee Spouse.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="167] ">Nature and Purpose of Legislation.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="168] ">Petition and Citation.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="169] ">Hearing and Incidental Proceedings.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="170] ">Orders.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="171] ">Enforcement.

<d1.o n="V. ">LIABILITY OF SEPARATE AND COMMUNITY PROPERTY FOR DEBT

<d2.o n="A. ">Former Law.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="172] ">Liability of Separate Property for Debts.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="173] ">Liability of Community Property for Debts.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="174] ">Nonliability of Community Property for Torts.

<d2.o n="B. ">Revised Law.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="175] ">Law Revision Commission Report.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="176] ">Nature and Scope of Revision.

<d3.o n="3. ">Liability for Debts.

<d4.o n="(a) ">Liability of Community Property.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="177] ">General Rule.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="178] ">Exception for Earnings.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Liability of Separate Property.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="179] ">Debt Incurred Before or During Marriage.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="180] ">Personal Liability for Debts for Spouse'&apos;s Necessaries.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="181] ">Child or Spousal Support Obligations.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="182] ">Property Owned or Received at Division.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="183] ">Reimbursement.

<d3.o n="5. ">Liability for Torts.

<d4.o n="(a) ">Liability of Tortfeasor.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="184] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="185] ">Illustrations.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="186] ">Interspousal Injuries.

<d2.o n="C. " sec="187] ">Attempted Murder of Spouse.

<d1.o n="VI. ">DIVISION OF COMMUNITY PROPERTY ON DISSOLUTION OR LEGAL SEPARATION

<d2.o n="A. ">In General.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="188] ">Former Law Based on Fault.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="189] ">Current Law Eliminating Fault.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="190] ">General Rule of Equal Division.

<d2.o n="B. ">Valuation.

<d3.o n="1. ">In General.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="191] ">Speculation Improper.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="192] ">Consideration of Covenant Not To Compete.

<d3.o n="2. ">Date of Valuation.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="193] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="194] ">Bifurcated Trial.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="195] ">Valuation as of Time of Separation.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="196] ">Transfer of Asset During Proceeding.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="197] ">Attorneys'&apos; Fees.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="198] ">Transfer of Debts as Spousal Support.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="199] ">Spouse'&apos;s Postseparation Use of or Payment for Community Asset.

<d3.o n="7. " sec="200] ">Division by Agreement.

<d3.o n="8. ">Exceptions to Rule.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="201] ">Misappropriation by Spouse.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="202] ">Personal Injury Damages.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="203] ">Other Exceptions.

<d2.o n="C. ">Award of Particular Asset to One Party.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="204] ">Statutory Rule.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="205] ">Division Must Be Equal.

<d3.o n="3. ">Deferred Sale of Family Home.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="206] ">Development of Case Law.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="207] ">Statutory Procedure and Factors.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="208] ">Orders.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="209] ">Family Business.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="210] ">Publicly Traded Stock.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="211] ">Stock in Close Corporation.

<d2.o n="D. " sec="212] ">Characterization and Confirmation of Debts.

<d2.o n="E. ">Methods of Division.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="213] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="214] ">Division in Kind.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="215] ">Sale of Property and Division of Proceeds.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="216] ">Reservation of Jurisdiction To Divide.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="217] ">Nonjudicial Division.

<d2.o n="F. ">Division of Jointly Held Property.

<d3.o n="1. ">Community Property Presumption.

<d4.o n="(a) ">Former Law.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="218] ">Joint Tenancy With Separate Interests.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="219] ">Single-Family Residence in Joint Tenancy.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Current Law.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="220] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="221] ">Effect of Party'&apos;s Death After Dissolution but Before Division.

<d3.o n="2. ">Reimbursement for Contributions.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="222] ">Statutory Rule.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="223] ">Conversion of Separate Property into Joint Tenancy.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="224] ">Later Acquired Assets.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="225] ">Postseparation Payments.

<d3.o n="3. ">Division of Separate Property.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="226] ">Former Law.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="227] ">Statutory Revision.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="228] ">Enforcement of Premarital Loan.

<d3.o n="4. ">Retroactive Application Held Unconstitutional.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="229] ">Community Property Presumption.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="230] ">Right to Reimbursement.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="231] ">Attempted Statutory Solution.

<d2.o n="G. ">Procedure.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="232] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. ">Mandatory Financial Disclosure.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="233] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="234] ">Scope of Disclosure Requirements.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="235] ">Fiduciary Duties.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="236] ">Preliminary Declaration.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="237] ">Final Declaration.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="238] ">Effect of Failure To Disclose.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="239] ">Claims of Third Parties.

<d3.o n="4. ">Judgment.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="240] ">Former Interlocutory Decree Law.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="241] ">Statutory Requirement of Division.

<d3.o n="5. ">Relief From Judgment.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="242] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="243] ">Grounds and Time Limits.

<d3.o n="6. ">Undivided and Newly Discovered Property.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="244] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Military Retirement Pension.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="245] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="246] ">Jurisdiction Limited by FUSFSPA.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="247] ">Postjudgment Motion.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="248] ">Tort Action for Concealment.

<d1.o n="VII. ">DIVISION OF COMMUNITY OR QUASI-COMMUNITY PROPERTY ON DEATH

<d2.o n="A. ">In General.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="249] ">Former Law.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="250] ">Probate Code Revision.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="251] ">Disposition of Community Property.

<d2.o n="B. ">Property Acquired Outside California.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="252] ">Former Law and Corrective Legislation.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="253] ">Where California Law Applies.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="254] ">Will of California Property by Nondomiciled Testator.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="255] ">Restoration of Property Transferred Inter Vivos.

<d1.o n="VIII. ">INTER VIVOS RIGHTS IN QUASI-COMMUNITY PROPERTY

<d2.o n="A. ">Definition of Quasi-Community Property.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="256] ">Nature and Purpose of Legislation.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="257] ">Clarifications and Distinctions.

<d2.o n="B. ">Division on Dissolution or Legal Separation.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="258] ">Statutory Rule.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="259] ">Illustrations.

<d1.o n="IX. ">RIGHTS OF PUTATIVE SPOUSES

<d2.o n="A. " sec="260] ">Nature and Scope of Rules.

<d2.o n="B. ">Good Faith Belief in Validity of Marriage.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="261] ">Early View.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="262] ">Later View.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="263] ">Modern View.

<d2.o n="C. ">Division of Quasi-Marital Property.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="264] ">Judicially Developed Rules.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="265] ">Codification.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="266] ">Where Legal Spouse Also Claims.

<d2.o n="D. ">Support of Putative Spouse.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="267] ">Judicially Developed Rules.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="268] ">Codification.

<d2.o n="E. ">Agreement To Divide Property or Compensate.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="269] ">Judicial Rule of Recovery.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="270] ">Distinction: No Resulting Trust.

<d1.o n="X. ">RIGHTS ARISING FROM NONMARITAL RELATIONSHIPS

<d2.o n="A. ">Marvin Doctrine.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="271] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. ">Express Contract Theory.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="272] ">Nature of Theory.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="273] ">Illustrations: Express Contract Established.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="274] ">Illustrations: Express Contract Not Established.

<d3.o n="3. ">Implied Contract or Equitable Relief.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="275] ">Nature of Relief.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="276] ">Illustrations: Recovery Allowed.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="277] ">Illustrations: Recovery Denied.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="278] ">Accrual of Cause of Action.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="279] ">Subsequent Marriage of Parties.

<d2.o n="B. " sec="280] ">Rights of Same-Sex Partners.

<d2.o n="C. ">Rights of Domestic Partners.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="281] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="282] ">Legal Effect of Status.

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