11 Summary of California Law (10th), Community Property

 

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<d1.o n="I. ">CHARACTERIZATION OF PROPERTY

<d2.o n="A. ">In General.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="1] ">Community Property System.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="2] ">Development of Modern California Law.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="3] ">Property Rights During Marriage.

<d2.o n="B. ">Separate and Community Property.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="4] ">Community Property.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="5] ">Separate Property.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="6] ">Practical Effects of Distinction.

<d3.o n="4. ">Time of Acquisition.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="7] ">Inception of Title Theory.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="8] ">Equitable Title Theory.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Acquisition While Separated.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="9] ">Former Law.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="10] ">Current Law.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="11] ">Valuation Based on Date of Separation.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="12] ">Permanent Separation.

<d5.o n="(5) " sec="13] ">Accumulations.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="14] ">Separate Property Acquired During Marriage.

<d2.o n="C. ">Presumptions.

<d3.o n="1. ">General Presumption of Community Property.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="15] ">Nature and Effect.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Distinction: Family Expense Presumption.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="16] ">Theory of Presumption.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="17] ">Contrary Rule of See Case.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="18] ">Payments Made After Separation.

<d3.o n="2. ">Transfer to Married Woman.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="19] ">Former Presumption of Separate Property.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="20] ">Abolition of Presumption.

<d3.o n="3. ">Transfer to Married Woman and Others.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="21] ">To Wife and Stranger.

<d4.o n="(b) ">To Wife and Husband.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="22] ">Community Property.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="23] ">Exception: Driving With Permission Law.

<d2.o n="D. ">Marital Agreements.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="24] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="25] ">Requisites of Premarital Agreements.

<d3.o n="3. . " sec="26] ">Subjects of Premarital Agreements.

<d3.o n="4. . ">Defenses in Action To Enforce Premarital Agreement.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="27] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Involuntary or Unconscionable Agreements.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="28] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="29] ">Lack of Independent Counsel.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="30] ">Void Marriage.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="31] ">Statute of Limitations and Equitable Defenses.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="32] ">Agreements Violating Public Policy.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="33] "> Restrictions on Alteration of Spouses'&apos; Legal Relations.

<d2.o n="E. ">Conflict of Laws.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="34] ">Personal Property Brought to California.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="35] ">Real Property Purchased Elsewhere.

<d1.o n="II. ">ACQUISITION OF COMMUNITY PROPERTY

<d2.o n="A. " sec="36] ">In General.

<d2.o n="B. " sec="37] ">Earnings.

<d2.o n="C. ">Personal Injury Damages.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="38] ">Original Community Property Rule.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="39] ">Later Separate Property Rule.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="40] ">Community Property Rule Restored.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="41] ">Exceptions: Separate Property.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="42] ">Reimbursement for Expenses.

<d3.o n="6. " sec="43] ">Spouse'&apos;s Negligence as Concurring Cause.

<d2.o n="D. ">Proceeds of Community Property.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="44] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="45] ">Proceeds of Personal Injury Damages.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="46] ">Profits From Community Property Business.

<d3.o n="4. ">Proceeds of Insurance.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="47] ">Whole Life Insurance.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="48] ">Term Life Insurance.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="49] ">Term Health Insurance.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="50] ">Veteran'&apos;s Insurance.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="51] ">Federal Employees'&apos; Insurance.

<d3.o n="5. ">Proceeds of Earnings.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="52] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="53] ">Insurance Agent'&apos;s Termination Benefits.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Severance Pay.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="54] ">Community Property.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="55] ">Separate Property.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="56] ">Military Severance Pay and Reenlistment.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="57] ">Stock Options.

<d3.o n="6. ">Pensions and Retirement Benefits.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="58] ">Nature and Types of Pension Plans.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="59] ">Vested Pension Rights.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="60] ">Nonvested Pension Rights.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="61] ">Enhanced Early Retirement Benefits.

<d4.o n="(e) ">Federal Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA).

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="62] ">Preemptive Effect of ERISA.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="63] ">Exception for Qualified Domestic Relations Order.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="64] ">Railroad Retirement Act Benefits.

<d4.o n="(g) ">Time Rule for Determining Community Interest.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="65] ">Basic Formula.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="66] ">Distinctions.

<d4.o n="(h) ">Former Terminable Interest Rule.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="67] ">Nature of Rule.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="68] ">Statutory Abrogation of Rule.

<d4.o n="(i) " sec="69] ">Election Not To Retire.

<d4.o n="(j) " sec="70] ">Withdrawal and Redeposit of Contributions.

<d4.o n="(k) " sec="71] ">Payment as Discharge.

<d4.o n="(l) ">Division of Benefits.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="72] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="73] ">Nonemployee Spouse'&apos;s Right to Immediate Payment.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="74] ">Date of Entitlement to Immediate Payment.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="75] ">Waiver of Immediate Payment Rights.

<d5.o n="(5) " sec="76] ">Award to Employee Spouse With Offset.

<d5.o n="(6) " sec="77] ">Survivor and Death Benefits.

<d3.o n="7. ">Military Retirement Benefits.

<d4.o n="(a) ">Former California Law.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="78] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="79] ">Law Held Unconstitutional.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Federal Uniformed Services Former Spouses Protection Act (FUSFSPA).

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="80] ">Nature and Effect of Statute.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="81] ">Retroactivity.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="82] ">Nonemployee Spouse'&apos;s Election.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="83] ">Support Order To Enforce Division.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="84] ">Separation Incentive Payments.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="85] ">Forfeiture of Pension.

<d3.o n="8. ">Military Disability Pay.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="86] ">Former Separate Property Rule.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="87] ">Only Disability Pay in Excess of Retirement Benefits Is Separate Property.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="88] ">Disposable Versus Gross Retirement Benefits.

<d4.o n="(d) ">Effect of Waiver of Retirement Benefits.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="89] ">Federal Preemption of Community Property Division.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="90] ">Distinction: Postjudgment Election of Disability Over Retirement Benefits.

<d3.o n="9. ">Employment or Insurance Disability Benefits.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="91] ">Only Disability Pay in Excess of Retirement Benefits Is Separate Property.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="92] ">Division Where Vested Retirement Benefits Mature After Disability Payments.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Disability Insurance Benefits.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="93] ">Community Interest in Benefits.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="94] ">Distinction: Postseparation Renewal of Policy With Separate Funds.

<d3.o n="10. . ">Judges'&apos; Retirement Benefits.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="95] ">Nature of Benefits.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="96] ">Application of Time Rule.

<d3.o n="11. " sec="97] ">Social Security Benefits.

<d3.o n="12. " sec="98] ">Other Proceeds.

<d2.o n="E. ">Credit Acquisitions.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="99] ">Lender'&apos;s Intent Governs Character.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="100] ">Proof of Lender'&apos;s Intent.

<d2.o n="F. ">Goodwill of Profession or Business.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="101] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. ">Valuation.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="102] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="103] ">No Consideration of Future Earnings.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="104] ">Market Value as Measure of Goodwill.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="105] ">Effect of Agreement Relating to Goodwill.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="106] ">Date of Valuation of Law Practice.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="107] ">Particular Valuation Methods.

<d2.o n="G. ">Educational Degree or License.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="108] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="109] ">Nature and Scope of Reimbursement Statute.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="110] ">Reimbursement Requirements.

<d2.o n="H. " sec="111] ">Other Assets.

<d1.o n="III. ">COMMINGLING OF COMMUNITY AND SEPARATE PROPERTY

<d2.o n="A. ">In General.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="112] ">Where Each Fund Is Traceable.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="113] ">Where Funds Are Not Traceable.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="114] ">Recordkeeping Requirements.

<d2.o n="B. ">Improvement of Separate Property.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="115] ">Former Traditional Rule.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="116] ">Current Rule: Reimbursement to Community.

<d2.o n="C. ">Payments for Benefit of Separate Property.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="117] ">Taxes or Encumbrances.

<d3.o n="2. ">Part of Purchase Price.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="118] ">Community Interest in Enhanced Value.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="119] ">Apportionment of Separate and Community Property Interests.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="120] ">Part of Insurance Premiums.

<d2.o n="D. ">Profits From Separate Property Business.

<d3.o n="1. ">In General.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="121] ">Duty To Apportion.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="122] ">Alternative Apportionment Methods.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="