7
Summary of California Law (10th), Constitutional Law
I. THE FEDERAL SYSTEM
<d2.o n="A. Limited Powers of Federal
Government.
<d3.o n="1. [§1] Source of Federal Powers.
<d3.o n="2. Reserved Powers of States.
<d4.o n="(a) [§2] In General.
<d4.o n="(b) Regulation of State
Employees.
<d5.o n="(1) [§3] Former Rule.
<d5.o n="(2) [§4] Valid Regulation.
<d5.o n="(3) [§5] Invalid Regulation.
<d4.o n="(c) [§6] No Requirement That State
Officials Administer Federal Law.
<d4.o n="(d) [§7] Regulation of State
Utilities.
<d2.o n="B. Relations Between States and
Federal Government.
<d3.o n="1. Federal Supremacy.
<d4.o n="(a) Conflicting State Law Is
Invalid.
<d5.o n="(1) [§8] Constitutional Principle.
<d5.o n="(2) [§9] Questions Involved.
<d5.o n="(3) Substantive Civil Law.
<d6.o n="(aa) [§10] Arbitration.
<d6.o n="(bb) [§11] Aviation.
<d6.o n="(cc) [§12] Banking.
<d6.o n="(dd) [§13] Bankruptcy.
<d6.o n="(ee) [§14] Employee Retirement Income
Security Act.
<d6.o n="(ff) [§15] Environmental Legislation.
<d6.o n="(gg) [§16] Foreign Affairs.
<d6.o n="(hh) [§17] Labor Relations.
<d6.o n="(ii) [§18] Telecommunications.
<d6.o n="(jj) [§19] Other Subjects.
<d4.o n="(b) When State Law Will Be
Upheld.
<d5.o n="(1) [§20] General Principles.
<d5.o n="(2) Where No Conflict Exists.
<d6.o n="(aa) [§21] U.S. Supreme Court.
<d6.o n="(bb) [§22] California Supreme Court.
<d6.o n="(cc) [§23] California Courts of Appeal.
<d5.o n="(3) [§24] Federal Authorization.
<d4.o n="(c) [§25] State Court Must Apply
Federal Law.
<d3.o n="2. [§26] Interference With
Governmental Functions.
<d3.o n="3. Enclave: Federal Territory
Within State.
<d4.o n="(a) [§27] Federal Jurisdiction.
<d4.o n="(b) [§28] Reserved State Jurisdiction.
<d4.o n="(c) [§29] Retrocession.
<d3.o n="4. [§30] Full Faith and Credit to
Judgments.
<d2.o n="C. Relations Between States.
<d3.o n="1. Full Faith and Credit
Clause.
<d4.o n="(a) [§31] In General.
<d4.o n="(b) [§32] Choice of Law Questions.
<d4.o n="(c) State Statutes.
<d5.o n="(1) [§33] Right of Action.
<d5.o n="(2) [§34] Substantive Defense.
<d4.o n="(d) State Judgments.
<d5.o n="(1) [§35] General Principle.
<d5.o n="(2) [§36] Public Policy Exception.
<d5.o n="(3) [§37] Necessity of Jurisdiction.
<d5.o n="(4) [§38] No Greater Effect Than in
State of Rendition.
<d5.o n="(5) [§39] Judgment Barred by
Limitations.
<d5.o n="(6) [§40] Penal and Tax Judgments.
<d3.o n="2. Actions Against States.
<d4.o n="(a) [§41] In General.
<d4.o n="(b) Action Authorized by Federal
Statute.
<d5.o n="(1) [§42] Former Rule.
<d5.o n="(2) [§43] Fourteenth Amendment.
<d5.o n="(3) [§44] Family and Medical Leave
Act.
<d5.o n="(4) [§44A] (New) Americans With
Disabilities.
<d4.o n="(c) Action Not Authorized by
Federal Statute.
<d5.o n="(1) [§45] In General.
<d5.o n="(2) [§46] Indian Gaming.
<d5.o n="(3) [§47] Patent and Trademark.
<d5.o n="(4) [§48] Fair Labor Standards.
<d5.o n="(5) [§49] Age Discrimination.
<d5.o n="(6) [§50] Americans With Disabilities.
<d4.o n="(d) [§51] Action in State Court.
<d4.o n="(e) Action Against State Officer
or Agency.
<d5.o n="(1) [§52] In General.
<d5.o n="(2) [§53] Action To Recover Money.
<d5.o n="(3) [§54] Action To Compel Future Act
or Expenditure.
<d5.o n="(4) [§55] Action For Injunctive or
Declaratory Relief.
<d5.o n="(5) [§56] Action To Compel Compliance
With State Law.
<d2.o n="D. Diversity Jurisdiction:
Rules of Decision Act.
<d3.o n="1. In General.
<d4.o n="(a) [§57] Nature of Diversity
Jurisdiction.
<d4.o n="(b) [§58] Erie Doctrine.
<d4.o n="(c) [§59] Determination of State Law.
<d3.o n="2. Procedure.
<d4.o n="(a) [§60] In General.
<d4.o n="(b) [§61] Capacity To Sue.
<d4.o n="(c) [§62] Statute of Limitations.
<d3.o n="3. [§63] Conflict of Laws.
<d3.o n="4. Federal Statute or Policy.
<d4.o n="(a) [§64] Case Involving Federal
Statute.
<d4.o n="(b) [§65] Case Involving Federal
Policy.
<d2.o n="E. [§66] Interstate Compacts and
Reciprocal Agreements.
II. NATURE AND SCOPE OF CONSTITUTIONAL
LAW
<d2.o n="A. Constitution of California.
<d3.o n="1. [§67] History.
<d3.o n="2. [§68] Restrictive and Enabling
Provisions.
<d3.o n="3. [§69] Self-Executing Provisions.
<d2.o n="B. Amendment of Constitutions.
<d3.o n="1. [§70] Federal Constitution.
<d3.o n="2. California Constitution.
<d4.o n="(a) [§71] In General.
<d4.o n="(c) [§72] No Revision by Initiative.
<d2.o n="C. Power To Declare Laws
Unconstitutional.
<d3.o n="1. In General.
<d4.o n="(a) [§73] Origin and Nature of Power.
<d4.o n="(b) [§74] Administrative Agency Cannot
Exercise Power.
<d4.o n="(c) [§75] Presumption of Validity.
<d3.o n="2. Standing: Interest of Party
Attacking Constitutionality.
<d4.o n="(a) In General.
<d5.o n="(1) [§76] Nature of Standing
Requirement.
<d5.o n="(2) [§77] Standing Not Shown.
<d5.o n="(3) [§78] Standing Shown.
<d4.o n="(b) [§79] First Amendment Challenge.
<d4.o n="(c) [§80] State or Local Taxpayer.
<d4.o n="(d) [§81] Federal Taxpayer.
<d4.o n="(e) Member of Injured Class.
<d5.o n="(1) [§82] General Rule and Warth Test.
<d5.o n="(2) [§83] California Test.
<d5.o n="(3) [§84] Class Member Unable To
Challenge Law.
<d5.o n="(4) [§85] Complainant Injured by Law.
<d5.o n="(5) [§86] Challenge by State,
Subdivision, or Court.
<d3.o n="3. Political Questions.
<d4.o n="(a) [§87] General Rule.
<d4.o n="(b) [§88] Illustrations.
<d3.o n="4. Case or Controversy
Requirement in Federal Courts.
<d4.o n="(a) [§89] Constitutional Limitation.
<d4.o n="(b) [§90] Jurisdiction Rejected.
<d4.o n="(c) [§91] Jurisdiction Accepted.
<d3.o n="5. Abstention: Where Decision
on Constitutionality Is Unnecessary.
<d4.o n="(a) [§92] Abstention Doctrine.
<d4.o n="(b) [§93] Pullman Abstention.
<d4.o n="(c) [§94] Younger Abstention.
<d4.o n="(d) [§95] Burford Abstention.
<d4.o n="(e) Exceptions.
<d5.o n="(1) [§96] In General.
<d5.o n="(2) [§97] Absence of Pending
Proceeding in State Court.
<d3.o n="6. Methods of Raising
Constitutionality.
<d4.o n="(a) Injunction.
<d5.o n="(1) [§98] In General.
<d5.o n="(2) [§99] Limitations on Federal
Injunction of State Law.
<d4.o n="(b) [§100] Declaratory Relief and Quiet
Title.
<d4.o n="(c) Extraordinary Writs and
Appeal.
<d5.o n="(1) [§101] In General.
<d5.o n="(2) Challenge to Proposed
Legislation.
<d6.o n="(aa) [§102] In General: No Relief.
<d6.o n="(bb) [§103] Invalid Initiative.
<d3.o n="7. [§104] Waiver of Constitutional
Right.
<d3.o n="8. [§105] Effect of Determination of
Unconstitutionality.
<d3.o n="9. Partial Unconstitutionality
and Severability.
<d4.o n="(a) [§106] In General.
<d4.o n="(b) [§107] Severability Clause.
<d4.o n="(c) [§108] Construction To Avoid
Unconstitutionality.
<d3.o n="10. . State Constitutional
Protection (Independent Grounds).
<d4.o n="(a) [§109] Nature of Doctrine.
<d4.o n="(b) [§110] Commentary.
<d4.o n="(c) [§111] Specification of State
Grounds.
D. Interpretation of Constitutions and Statutes.
1. In General.
(a)
[§112] Federal and State Courts.
(b)
[§113] Strict or Liberal
Construction of Constitution.
(c)
[§114] Commentary.
2. Rules for Interpretation of Statutes.
(a)
[§115] In General.
(b)
[§116] Initiative and Referendum
Powers.
(c)
[§117] Conflicting Statutes.
(d)
[§118] Construction in Favor of
Constitutionality.
(e)
[§119] Facial Challenge.
(f)
[§120] Disregarding Words To Avoid
Absurdity.
(g)
[§121] Plain Meaning and Other
Particular Rules.
(h)
[§122] Application of Rules.
3. Aids to Interpretation.
(a)
[§123] In General.