8 California Procedure (5th), Extraordinary Writs

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<d1.o n="I. ">NATURE AND TYPES OF EXTRAORDINARY WRITS

<d2.o n="A. ">In General.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§1] ">Ordinary and Extraordinary Writs.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§2] ">Abolition of Common Law Writs.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§3] ">Constitutional Relaxation of Common Law Restrictions.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§4] ">Constitutional Consolidation of Trial Courts.

<d2.o n="B. ">Certiorari: Review of Judicial Action.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§5] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. ">Comparison to Other Remedies.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§6] ">Appeal.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§7] ">Equitable Relief and Recall of Remittitur.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§8] ">Prohibition.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§9] ">Mandamus.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§10] ">Habeas Corpus.

<d4.o n="(f) ">Special Types of Review.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§11] ">State Bar Court Decisions.

<d5.o n="(2) ">Agricultural Labor Relations Board Decisions.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§12] ">In General.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§13] ">Effect of Constitutional Limitations.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§14] ">Summary Denial of Petition by ALRB.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§15] ">Juvenile Court Orders Terminating Parental Rights.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§16] ">Trial Court Orders for Disclosure Under Public Records Act.

<d5.o n="(5) " sec="[§17] ">Other Proceedings.

<d2.o n="C. ">Prohibition: Restraint of Judicial Action.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§18] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. ">Comparison to Other Remedies.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§19] ">Mandamus.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§20] ">Supersedeas.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§21] ">Habeas Corpus.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§22] ">Prohibitory Injunction.

<d2.o n="D. ">Mandamus: Compulsion of Ministerial Duty.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§23] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. ">Comparison to Other Remedies.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§24] ">Mandatory Injunction.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§25] ">Quo Warranto.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§26] ">Declaratory Relief.

<d2.o n="E. ">Quo Warranto.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§27] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§28] ">Action by Attorney General.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§29] ">Action on Application of Private Person.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§30] ">Action by Local Legislative Body.

<d2.o n="F. " sec="[§31] ">Discretionary Issuance of Prohibition or Mandamus.

<d2.o n="G. " sec="[§32] ">Review of Administrative Decisions.

<d1.o n="II. ">CONDITIONS FOR ISSUANCE OF CERTIORARI

<d2.o n="A. ">Completed Judicial Act.

<d3.o n="1. ">Judicial Acts Reviewable by Certiorari.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§33] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Nonappealable Judgments or Orders.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§34] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§35] ">Contempt Orders.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§36] ">Probate Orders.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§37] ">Other Orders.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§38] ">Legislative Acts Are Not Reviewable.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§39] ">Ministerial Acts Are Not Reviewable.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§40] ">Act Must Be Completed.

<d2.o n="B. " sec="[§41] ">Lack or Excess of Jurisdiction.

<d2.o n="C. ">No Appeal or Other Adequate Remedy.

<d3.o n="1. ">Remedy by Appeal.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§42] ">General Rule.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§43] ">Remedy Lost by Neglect.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§44] ">Remedy Lost Without Fault.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§45] ">Appeal to Superior Court.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§46] ">Review on Later Appeal.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§47] ">Other Adequate Remedy.

<d1.o n="III. ">CONDITIONS FOR ISSUANCE OF PROHIBITION

<d2.o n="A. ">Threatened Judicial Act.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§48] ">Act Must Be Judicial.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§49] ">Act Must Be Threatened.

<d3.o n="3. ">Act Must Not Be Completed.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§50] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§51] ">Exception: Partially Completed or Continuing Act.

<d2.o n="B. " sec="[§52] ">Lack or Excess of Jurisdiction.

<d2.o n="C. ">No Other Adequate Remedy.

<d3.o n="1. ">In General.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§53] ">Nature of Condition.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§54] ">Question of Fact.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§55] ">Effect of Respondent'&apos;s Acquiescence.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§56] ">Effect of Alternative Writ.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§57] ">Effect of Order To Show Cause.

<d3.o n="2. ">Remedy by Appeal.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§58] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Appeal as Adequate Remedy.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§59] ">Direct Appeal With Stay.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§60] ">Direct Appeal Is "Speedy" Remedy.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Appeal as Inadequate Remedy.

<d5.o n="(1) ">Direct Appeal But Undue Hardship.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§61] ">In General.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§62] ">No Practical Stay.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§63] ">Other Kinds of Hardship.

<d5.o n="(2) ">No Direct Appeal.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§64] ">In General.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§65] ">No Jurisdiction of Subject Matter.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§66] ">Excess of Jurisdiction.

<d5.o n="(3) ">Public Interest in Prompt Decision.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§67] ">Constitutional or Statutory Interpretation.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§68] ">Threatened Public Injury.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§69] ">Issue of General Importance: Review Granted.

<d6.o n="(dd) " sec="[§70] ">Issue of General Importance: Review Denied.

<d3.o n="3. ">Remedy by Other Writ.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§71] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§72] ">Order Enforceable by Contempt Proceedings.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§73] ">Trial Without Jurisdiction of Person.

<d1.o n="IV. ">CONDITIONS FOR ISSUANCE OF MANDAMUS

<d2.o n="A. ">Petitioner'&apos;s Right and Respondent'&apos;s Duty.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§74] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. ">Petitioner'&apos;s Right or Interest.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§75] ">No Substantial Right Involved.

<d4.o n="(b) ">No Beneficial Interest in Petitioner.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§76] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§77] ">Minority Member of Administrative Agency.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§78] ">Beneficial Interest of Labor Union.

<d3.o n="3. ">Respondent'&apos;s Duty.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§79] ">No Present Duty.

<d4.o n="(b) ">No Ministerial Duty.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§80] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§81] ">Act Contrary to Law.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§82] ">No Present Ability To Perform.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§83] ">Effect of Respondent'&apos;s Acquiescence.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§84] ">Exception: Public Interest.

<d3.o n="5. ">Illustrations: Acts of Administrative Agencies.

<d4.o n="(a) ">Ministerial Acts.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§85] ">State Officials.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§86] ">Taxing Officials.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§87] ">Election Officials.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§88] ">Other Local Officials.

<d5.o n="(5) " sec="[§89] ">Restoration of Office or Employment.

<d5.o n="(6) ">Allowance or Payment of Claim.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§90] ">In General.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§91] ">Illustrations.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Discretionary Acts.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§92] ">Controlling Particular Manner or Result.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§93] ">Controlling Exercise of Legislative Powers.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§94] ">Compelling Exercise of Discretion.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§95] ">Controlling Abuse of Discretion.

<d3.o n="6. ">Illustrations: Acts of Officers of Corporations and Associations.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§96] ">Corporations.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§97] ">Labor Unions.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§98] ">Other Associations.

<d3.o n="7. ">Illustrations: Acts of Courts and Court Officers.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§99] ">No Control of Discretion.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§100] ">Review of Abuse of Discretion.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§101] ">Compelling Exercise of Jurisdiction or Discretion.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§102] ">Compelling Ministerial Acts.

<d4.o n="(e) ">Particular Acts.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§103] ">Subject Matter Jurisdiction.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§104] ">Personal Jurisdiction.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§105] ">Venue and Inconvenient Forum.

<d5.o n="(4) ">Pleadings.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§106] ">In General.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§107] ">Compelling Leave To File or Amend Pleading.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§108] ">Compelling Striking of Pleading or Sustaining of Demurrer.

<d5.o n="(5) " sec="[§109] ">Discovery and Production of Evidence.

<d5.o n="(6) ">Trial or Hearing.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§110] ">In General.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§111] ">Exercise of Discretion in Decision.

<d5.o n="(7) ">Judgment.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§112] ">Entry of Judgment.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§113] ">Summary Judgment.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§114] ">Enforcing or Vacating Judgment.

<d5.o n="(8) " sec="[§115] ">Appeal.

<d2.o n="B. ">No Other Adequate Remedy.

<d3.o n="1. ">In General.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§116] ">Nature of Condition.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§117] ">Question of Fact.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§118] ">Effect of Respondent'&apos;s Acquiescence.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§119] ">Effect of Alternative Writ.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§120] ">Effect of Order To Show Cause.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="[§121] ">Supreme Court'&apos;s Direction To Issue Writ.

<d3.o n="2. ">Remedy by Action.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§122] ">Remedy Is Normally Adequate.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§123] ">Remedy Found Inadequate.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§124] ">Mandamus Prohibited by Statute.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§125] ">Remedy by Motion.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§126] ">Remedy by Another Writ.

<d3.o n="5. ">Remedy by Appeal.

<d4.o n="(a) ">Direct Appeal as Adequate Remedy.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§127] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§128] ">Appeal to Superior Court.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§129] ">Orders Relating to Enforcement of Judgment.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§130] ">Other Orders After Final Judgment.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Appeal as Inadequate Remedy.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§131] ">No Direct Appeal.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§132] ">Refusal To Assume Jurisdiction.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§133] ">Erroneous Ruling on Remand Following Appeal.

<d5.o n="(4) ">Public Interest in Prompt Decision.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§134] ">In General.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§135] ">Illustrations.

<d1.o n="V. ">REASONS FOR DENYING WRIT

<d2.o n="A. ">Reviewing Court Policies.

<d3.o n="1. ">Prior Application Pending in Another Court.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§136] ">General Rule of Denying Writ.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§137] ">Exceptions.

<d3.o n="2. ">Main Case Within Different Appellate Jurisdiction.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§138] ">General Rule of Denying Writ.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§139] ">Scope of Rule.

<d3.o n="3. ">Failure To Raise Objection Below.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§140] ">General Rule of Denying Writ.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§141] ">Illustrations: Prohibition.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§142] ">Illustrations: Mandamus.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§143] ">Exceptions.

<d3.o n="4. ">Failure To Seek Writ in Lower Court.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§144] ">General Rule of Denying Writ.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§145] ">Public Interest Exception: Court of Appeal Cases.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§146] ">Public Interest Exception: Supreme Court Cases.

<d2.o n="B. " sec="[§147] ">Failure To Establish Conditions.

<d2.o n="C. ">Moot Case.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§148] ">General Rule of Denying Writ.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§149] ">Exception: Completed Project.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§150] ">Exception: Public Interest.

<d2.o n="D. ">Laches.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§151] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. ">Mandamus.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§152] ">Former Rule: Prejudice Presumed.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§153] ">Current Rule: Prejudice Must Be Shown.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§154] ">Illustrations: Prejudice Shown.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§155] ">Defense Against State.

<d2.o n="E. " sec="[§156] ">Unclean Hands.

<d2.o n="F. ">Discretion To Deny.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§157] ">Nature of Problem.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§158] ">Theory of Judicial Discretion.

<d3.o n="3. ">Discretionary Denial Doctrine.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§159] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§160] ">Illustrations.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§161] ">Use of Writs To Review Procedural Rulings.

<d1.o n="VI. ">PROCEDURE

<d2.o n="A. ">In General.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§162] ">Procedural Overview.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§163] ">Governing Statutes and Rules.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§164] ">Jurisdiction and Venue.

<d2.o n="B. ">Parties.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§165] ">Petitioner.

<d3.o n="2. ">Respondent and Real Party in Interest.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§166] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§167] ">Court or Board.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§168] ">Certiorari: Custodian of Record.

<d2.o n="C. ">Petition.

<d3.o n="1. ">Form and Content.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§169] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§170] ">Allegations.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§171] ">Prayer for Relief.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§172] ">Verification.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§173] ">Grounds for Relief.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="[§174] ">Inadequacy of Other Remedy.

<d3.o n="2. ">Supporting Papers.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§175] ">Certiorari.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§176] ">Prohibition.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Mandamus.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§177] ">Necessity of Record.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§178] ">Continuance To Permit Preparation.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§179] ">Petition To Review Trial Court Ruling.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§180] ">Supporting Memorandum.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§181] ">Proposed Order and Writ.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§182] ">Time for Filing.

<d2.o n="D. ">Service, Opposition, and Summary Determination.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§183] ">Service.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§184] ">Opposing Memorandum.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§185] ">Summary Determination.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§186] ">Denial Is Not Res Judicata.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="[§187] ">Second Petition Is Usually Precluded.

<d2.o n="E. ">Writ or Order To Show Cause.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§188] ">Certiorari.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§189] ">Prohibition and Mandamus.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§190] ">Service of Writ.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§191] ">Stay of Pending Proceedings.

<d2.o n="F. ">Return.

<d3.o n="1. ">Certiorari.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§192] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§193] ">Return as Answer or Demurrer.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§194] ">Return as Record.

<d3.o n="2. ">Prohibition and Mandamus.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§195] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§196] ">Demurrer or Motion To Quash.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§197] ">Return in Reviewing Court.

<d2.o n="G. " sec="[§198] ">Replication.

<d2.o n="H. ">Hearing and Determination.

<d3.o n="1. ">Certiorari.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§199] ">Scope of Review.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§200] ">Decision.

<d3.o n="2. ">Prohibition and Mandamus.

<d4.o n="(a) ">Trial or Other Hearing.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§201] ">Where Demurrer Alone Is Filed.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§202] ">Where Answer Is Filed.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§203] ">Proceedings in Reviewing Court.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Decision Granting Relief.

<d5.o n="(1) ">Peremptory Writ.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§204] ">Superior Court.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§205] ">Reviewing Court.

<d6.o n="(cc) " sec="[§206] ">Departure From Alternative Writ.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§207] ">Enforcement of Judgment.

<d4.o n="(c) ">Decision Denying Relief.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§208] ">Procedure.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§209] ">Finality and Res Judicata.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§210] ">Summary Denial Is Not Law of Case.

<d2.o n="I. ">Costs, Damages, and Interest.

<d3.o n="1. ">Recovery of Costs and Damages.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§211] ">Mandamus and Prohibition.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§212] ">Certiorari.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§213] ">Costs in Reviewing Court.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§214] ">Interest in Mandamus Proceeding.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§215] ">Sanctions for Frivolous Application.

<d2.o n="J. ">Review of Superior Court Decision.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§216] ">Motion for New Trial.

<d3.o n="2. ">Appeal.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§217] ">Appealable Orders.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§218] ">No Appeal of Writ in Limited Civil Case.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§219] ">Stay Pending Appeal.

<d2.o n="K. ">Review of Court of Appeal Decision.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§220] ">Decision on Merits.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§221] ">Summary Denial.

<d2.o n="L. " sec="[§222] ">Review in United States Supreme Court.

<d1.o n="VII. ">PEREMPTORY WRIT WITHOUT ALTERNATIVE WRIT

<d2.o n="A. " sec="[§223] ">In Trial Court.

<d2.o n="B. ">In Reviewing Court.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§224] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. ">Circumstances Justifying Issuance.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§225] ">Early Rule: Unusual Circumstances.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§226] ">Later Rule: Where Hearing Is Unnecessary.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§227] ">Current Rule: Where Relief Is Obvious or Unusual Circumstances Are Present.

<d3.o n="3. ">Procedure.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§228] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§229] ">Notice.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§230] ">No Right To Oral Argument.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§231] ">Judgment and Writ.

<d1.o n="VIII. ">OPTIONAL AND DUAL USE OF WRITS

<d2.o n="A. ">Mistaken Choice.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§232] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§233] ">Illustrations.

<d2.o n="B. ">Different Writs for Same Purpose.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§234] ">Preventing Trial or Hearing.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§235] ">Compelling Trial or Hearing.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§236] ">Challenging Jurisdiction of Person.

<d2.o n="C. ">Two Writs Necessary for Complete Relief.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§237] ">Transfer to Proper Court.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§238] ">Other Situations.

<d2.o n="D. ">Writ Used With Effect of Different Writ.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§239] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. ">Certiorari With Effect of Prohibition or Mandamus.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§240] ">"Prohibitory Certiorari."

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§241] ">"Mandamatory Certiorari."

<d3.o n="3. ">Prohibition With Effect of Mandamus or Certiorari.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§242] ">"Mandamatory Prohibition."

<d4.o n="(b) ">"Certiorarified Prohibition."

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§243] ">Theory: Prohibiting Enforcement of Order.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§244] ">Invalid Injunction.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§245] ">Invalid Contempt Adjudication.

<d5.o n="(4) " sec="[§246] ">Improper Discovery Proceedings.

<d5.o n="(5) " sec="[§247] ">Invalid Vacating Order.

<d5.o n="(6) " sec="[§248] ">Other Examples.

<d3.o n="4. ">Mandamus With Effect of Prohibition.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§249] ">Mandamus as Alternative Remedy.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§250] ">"Prohibitory Mandamus."

<d3.o n="5. ">Mandamus With Effect of Certiorari.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§251] ">Administrative Mandamus Distinguished.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§252] ">Development of "Certiorarified Mandamus."

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§253] ">Annulling Order Preventing Execution.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§254] ">Annulling Order Preventing Discovery.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§255] ">Annulling Improper Discovery Order.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="[§256] ">Annulling Other Orders.

<d4.o n="(g) " sec="[§257] ">Statutory Review by Mandamus.

<d1.o n="IX. ">ADMINISTRATIVE MANDAMUS: IN GENERAL

<d2.o n="A. ">Common Law Writ Review.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§258] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§259] ">Local Agencies.

<d3.o n="3. ">Exceptions: All Writs Available.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§260] ">State Constitutional Agencies.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Alcoholic Beverage Control Board.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§261] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§262] ">Procedure.

<d2.o n="B. ">Administrative Mandamus Statute.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§263] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. ">Scope of Act: Entities.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§264] ">Public Administrative Agencies.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§265] ">Private Corporations and Associations.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§266] ">Agencies Subject to Special Review.

<d3.o n="3. ">Scope of Act: Proceedings.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§267] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§268] ">Illustrations: Included Proceedings.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§269] ">Illustrations: Excluded Proceedings.

<d3.o n="4. ">Exclusion of Quasi-Legislative Acts.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§270] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§271] ">Illustrations.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§272] ">Distinction: Impact of Agency Decision on Future Cases.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§273] ">Distinction: Decision Applying Invalid Regulation.

<d2.o n="C. ">Judicial Review of Administrative Agency Action.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§274] ">Law Revision Commission Study.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§275] ">Purpose of Study.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§276] ">Proposed Legislation.

<d1.o n="X. ">ADMINISTRATIVE MANDAMUS: NATURE AND SCOPE OF REVIEW

<d2.o n="A. " sec="[§277] ">In General.

<d2.o n="B. ">Independent Judgment Rule.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§278] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§279] ">State Agency Without Quasi-Judicial Powers.

<d3.o n="3. ">Local Agency Without Quasi-Judicial Powers.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§280] ">Former Substantial Evidence Rule.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§281] ">Independent Judgment Rule Adopted.

<d3.o n="4. ">What Constitutes Vested Right.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§282] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§283] ">Unemployment Compensation Rights.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§284] ">Applicant'&apos;s Right to Welfare Benefits.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§285] ">Other Illustrations.

<d3.o n="5. " sec="[§286] ">Proof by Preponderance of Evidence.

<d3.o n="6. ">Review of Penalty.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§287] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§288] ">Illustrations.

<d2.o n="C. ">Substantial Evidence Rule.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§289] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§290] ">State Agency With Quasi-Judicial Powers.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§291] ">Assessment Appeal From Local Board.

<d3.o n="5. ">No Vested Right.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§292] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§293] ">Discharge of Probationary Teacher.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§294] ">Denial of License or Permit Application.

<d4.o n="(d) ">Discontinuation of Hospital Staff Privileges.

<d5.o n="(1) ">Private Hospitals.

<d6.o n="(aa) " sec="[§295] ">Former Independent Judgment Rule.

<d6.o n="(bb) " sec="[§296] ">Legislative Repudiation of Rule.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§297] ">Public Hospitals.

<d4.o n="(e) " sec="[§298] ">Denial of Application for Hospital Staff Privileges.

<d4.o n="(f) " sec="[§299] ">Economic Interests or Privileges.

<d1.o n="XI. ">ADMINISTRATIVE MANDAMUS: PROCEDURE

<d2.o n="A. " sec="[§300] ">In General.

<d2.o n="B. " sec="[§301] ">Venue.

<d2.o n="C. " sec="[§302] ">Parties.

<d2.o n="D. ">Petition.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§303] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. ">Agencies Not Under Administrative Procedure Act.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§304] ">General Limitation Periods Apply.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§305] ">Shortened Limitations Period.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§306] ">Period Tolled by Failure To Notify.

<d3.o n="3. ">Agencies Under Administrative Procedure Act.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§307] ">Period and Extensions.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§308] ">What Does Not Extend Period.

<d2.o n="E. ">Record.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§309] ">Content.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§310] ">Duty To Present Whole Record.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§311] ">Obtaining and Filing Record.

<d3.o n="4. ">Free Transcripts for Indigents.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§312] ">Former Rule: No Free Transcripts.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§313] ">Legislative Abrogation of Rule.

<d3.o n="5. ">Recoverable Costs.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§314] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§315] ">Record Prepared for Administrative Proceeding.

<d2.o n="F. ">Stay of Decision.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§316] ">In General.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§317] ">Court'&apos;s Power To Require Bond.

<d2.o n="G. ">Subsequent Pleadings.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§318] ">Answer.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§319] ">Demurrer.

<d3.o n="3. " sec="[§320] ">Return Complying With Alternative Writ.

<d3.o n="4. " sec="[§321] ">Replication by Petitioner.

<d2.o n="H. " sec="[§322] ">Summary Determination.

<d2.o n="I. ">Trial.

<d3.o n="1. ">On Administrative Record.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§323] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§324] ">Isolation Approach Is Discredited.

<d3.o n="2. ">New Evidence.

<d4.o n="(a) ">Where Independent Judgment Rule Applies.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§325] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§326] ">Limited Discovery.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§327] ">Affidavits or Declarations.

<d4.o n="(b) ">Where Substantial Evidence Rule Applies.

<d5.o n="(1) " sec="[§328] ">In General.

<d5.o n="(2) " sec="[§329] ">Reasonable Possibility of Change in Decision.

<d5.o n="(3) " sec="[§330] ">Evidence Relating to Procedural Unfairness.

<d2.o n="J. ">Judgment.

<d3.o n="1. ">Judgment Granting Relief.

<d4.o n="(a) " sec="[§331] ">In General.

<d4.o n="(b) " sec="[§332] ">Declaratory Relief.

<d4.o n="(c) " sec="[§333] ">Enforcement of Judgment.

<d4.o n="(d) " sec="[§334] ">Challenging Agency'&apos;s Statement of Compliance.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§335] ">Judgment Denying Relief.

<d2.o n="K. ">Appeal.

<d3.o n="1. " sec="[§336] ">By Petitioner.

<d3.o n="2. " sec="[§337] ">By Agency.

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