8
I.
INTRODUCTION
A. Methods of Enforcement.
1. [§1] In General.
2. [§2] Civil Arrest Abolished.
B. Collection Practice.
1. [§3] Methods and Techniques.
2. Fair Debt Collection Practices Act.
(a) [§4] Nature and Scope.
(b) [§5] Prohibited Practices.
(c) [§6] Responsibilities of Debtor.
(c-1) [§6A] (New) Notice to Debtor.
(c-2) [§6B] (New) Collection Where Identity Theft Is Claimed.
(d) [§7] Remedies for Violation.
C. [§8] Organization of Chapter.
A. Nature of Revised Law.
1. [§9] Law Revision Commission Report.
2. [§10] Enactment.
3. [§11] Transitional Provisions.
4. Principal Changes.
(a) [§12] In General.
(b) [§13] Redemption Abolished.
B. [§14] Definitions.
C. Practice and Procedure.
1. [§15] Former Law.
2. Methods of Enforcement.
(a) [§16] In General.
(b) [§17] Enforcement by Assignee.
3. [§18] Forms and Rules.
4. Service of Papers.
(a) [§19] In General.
(b) [§20] Manner of Service.
(c) [§21] Proof of Service.
5. Levying Officer.
(a) [§22] Instructions From Judgment Creditor.
(b) [§23] Deposit To Cover Expenses.
(c) [§24] Indorsement and Collection of Instruments.
(d) [§25] Manner of Taking Custody of Property.
(e) [§26] Liability of Officer.
6. Period for Enforcement and Renewal of Judgments.
(a) [§27] Period for Enforcement.
(b) Renewal of Judgment.
(1) [§28] Right To Renew.
(2) [§29] Application.
(3) [§30] Entry, Amount, and Notice.
(4) [§31] Vacation or Modification.
(5) [§32] Extending Duration of Liens.
(6) [§33] Effect of Renewal on Enforcement.
(c) [§34] Exceptions to Application of Provisions.
7. [§35] Interest.
8. Costs.
(a) [§36] In General.
(b) [§37] Memorandum of Costs.
(c) [§38] Motion for Costs.
(d) [§39] Addition of Costs to Judgment.
D. [§40] Enforcement After Death.
E. Enforcement of State Tax Liability.
1. Pursuant to Warrant or Notice of Levy.
(a) [§41] In General.
(b) [§42] Exemptions and Third‑Party Claims.
2. [§43] Pursuant to Judgment.
A. [§44] Amount To Satisfy Judgment.
B. [§45] Application of Money Received.
C. Property Subject to Enforcement.
1. In General.
(a) [§46] Former Law.
(b) [§47] Revised Law.
2. [§48] Real Property Leases.
3. [§49] Beneficiary's Interest in Trust.
D. Property Not Subject to Enforcement.
1. [§50] Former Law.
2. [§51] Revised Law.
3. [§52] Federal Law.
E. [§53] Enforcement Against Public Entity.
A. Judgment Lien Under Former Law.
1. [§54] Creation, Priorities, and Enforcement.
2. [§55] Types of Judgments.
3. [§56] Property Subject to Lien.
4. [§57] Judgment Debtor's Title.
5. [§58] Termination.
B. Liens Under Revised Law: In General.
1. [§59] Nature and Creation.
2. [§60] Duration and Extinguishment.
3. [§61] Relation Back and Priorities.
C. Judgment Lien on Real Property.
1. Creation and Duration.
(a) [§62] In General.
(b) [§63] Abstract of Judgment.
(c) [§64] Installment Judgment for Support or Health Care.
(d) [§65] Workers' Compensation Award.
(e) [§66] Sister State Judgment.
2. [§67] Interests Subject to Lien.
3. [§68] Amount of Lien.
4. [§69] Notice of Lien.
5. [§70] Release or Subordination.
6. [§71] Priority of Liens.
7. [§72] Transfer or Encumbrance of Interest.
8. [§73] Recording Satisfaction of Judgment.
9. [§74] Release of Erroneous Lien.
D. Judgment Lien on Personal Property.
1. [§75] In General.
2. [§76] Creation and Duration.
3. [§77] Property Subject to Lien.
4. [§78] Amount of Lien.
5. [§79] Notice of Lien.
6. [§80] Priority of Liens.
7. [§81] Transfer of Property.
8. [§82] Recording Satisfaction of Judgment.
9. [§83] Release or Subordination.
10. [§84] Release of Erroneous Lien.
E. Execution Lien.
1. [§85] Former Law.
2. [§86] Creation and Duration.
3. [§87] Priorities.
4. [§88] Transfer or Encumbrance of Real Property.
5. Transfer or Encumbrance of Personal Property.
(a) [§89] Property in Officer's Custody.
(b) [§90] Property Not in Officer's Custody.
(c) [§91] Crops, Timber, and Minerals.
F. [§92] Other Liens.
V. MONEY
JUDGMENTS: EXECUTION
A. In General.
1. [§93] Nature of Execution.
2. [§94] Levy on Property in
3. [§95] Turnover Order.
4. [§96] Depreciating Property.
5. [§97] Levy by Registered Process Server.
6. [§98] Levy Based on Record Ownership.
7. [§99] Payment by Debtor of Judgment Debtor.
8. [§100] Release of Property.
B. Writ of Execution and Notice of Levy.
1. Application to Clerk.
(a) [§101] Issuance on Application.
(b) [§102] Ministerial Duty of Clerk.
2. [§103] Contents of Writ.
3. [§104] Delivery and Execution of Writ.
4. [§105] Notice of Levy.
5. [§106] Return of Writ.
C. [§107] Property Subject to Execution.
D. [§108] Property Not Subject to Execution.
E. Methods of Levy.
1. [§109] In General.
2. Real Property.
(a) [§110] Property Subject to Levy.
(b) [§111] Recording With
(c) [§112] Service of Writ and Notice.
3. Crops, Timber, and Minerals.
(a) [§113] Recording With
(b) [§114] Service of Writ and Notice.
4. Tangible Personal Property.
(a) Location of Property.
(1) [§115] Property in Possession of Debtor or Third Person.
(2) [§116] Property in Custody of Officer.
(b) [§117] Property of Going Business.
(c) [§118] Property Used as Dwelling.
(d) [§119] Motor Vehicles, Vessels, Manufactured Homes, Mobilehomes, and Coaches.
5. [§120] Chattel Paper.
6. [§121] Instruments.
7. [§122] Documents of Title and Securities.
8. [§123] Deposit Accounts.
9. [§124] Safe Deposit Boxes.
10. [§125] Deposit Accounts and Boxes in Third Person's Name.
11. [§126] Accounts Receivable and General Intangibles.
12. [§127] Property Subject of Pending Action.
13. [§128] Final Money Judgment.
14. [§129] Interest in Estate Personal Property.
F. Duties and Liabilities of Third Persons.
1. Duty of Garnishee.
(a) [§130] Delivery or Payment to Officer.
(b) [§131] Garnishee's Memorandum.
2. [§132] Rights and Duties of Secured Party.
3. [§133] Duty of Account Debtor.
4. [§134] Duty of Obligor Under Instrument.
G. Sale and Collection.
1. [§135] In General.
2. [§136] Collection or
3. Notice of
(a) [§137]
(b) [§138]
(c) [§139] Notice to Bidders and Persons Requesting Notice.
(d) [§140] Advertising by Creditor or Debtor.
(e) [§141] Effect of
4. Place, Time, and Manner of
(a) [§142] In General.
(b) [§143] Postponement of
5. Bid and Payment.
(a) [§144] In General.
(b) [§145] Manner of Payment.
(c) [§146] Default of Bidder.
6. [§147] Effect of
7. [§148] Possession, Certificate, or Deed.
H. Distribution of Proceeds.
1. [§149] Manner of Distribution.
2. [§150] Time for Distribution.
3. [§151] Conflicting Claims to Proceeds.
I. Rights and Remedies of Judgment Debtor.
1. [§152] In General.
2. [§153] Stay of Execution.
3. [§154] Motion To Recall or Quash.
4. Setting Aside Improper
(a) [§155] In General.
(b) [§156] Inadequate Price and Fraud.
5. [§157] Recovery of Proceeds of
6. [§158] Damages for Improper
VI.
MONEY JUDGMENTS: EXEMPTIONS
A. In General.
1. [§159] Nature of Exemption Statutes.
2. [§160] Scope and Application of Exemption Statutes.
3. [§161] Persons Entitled to Exemptions.
4. [§162] Necessity for Claim of Exemption.
5. [§163] Waiver of Exemption.
6. [§164] Judgment for Support.
7. [§165] Tracing Exempt Funds.
8. [§166] Costs Where Exempt Property Levied On.
9. [§167] Time for Determining Exemptions.
10. [§168] Application of Exemptions to Marital Property.
11. [§169] Determination of Exemptions Based on Need.
12. [§170] Exemptions in Bankruptcy.
13. [§170A] (New) Periodic Adjustments.
B. Procedure for Claiming Exemptions.
1. [§171] In General.
2. [§172] Claim of Exemption.
3. [§173] Notice of Claim.
4. [§174] Opposition to Claim.
5. [§175] Hearing.
6. [§176] Order.
7. [§177] Disposition of Property During Proceedings.
C. Exempt Property.
1. Use or Location of Property.
(a) [§178] Property Devoted to Public Use.
(b) [§179] Property in Custody of Law.
(c) [§180] Property Found on Arrested Person.
2. Particular Kinds of Exempt Property.
(a) [§181] Motor Vehicles.
(b) [§182] Household Furnishings and Personal Effects.
(c) [§183] Materials for Repair or Improvement of Dwelling.
(d) [§184] Jewelry, Heirlooms, and Works of Art.
(e) [§185] Health Aids.
(f) [§186] Personal Property Used in Trade, Business, or Profession.
(g) [§187] Paid Earnings.
(h) Deposit Account for Social Security Payments.
(1) [§188] Nature and Amount of Exemption.
(2) [§189] Prohibiting Withdrawal of Balance.
(3) [§190] Determination of Exempt Balance.
(i) [§191] Inmate's Trust Account.
(j) [§192] Life Insurance, Endowment, and Annuity Policies.
(k) Retirement Benefits.
(1) [§193] In General.
(2) Public Retirement Benefits.
(aa) [§194] In General.
(bb) [§195] Effect of Support Judgment.
(3) [§196] Public Employee Vacation Credits.
(4) [§197] Private Retirement Benefits.
(l) [§198] Unemployment and Strike Benefits.
(m) [§199] Disability and Health Benefits.
(n) [§200] Damages for Personal Injury.
(o) [§201] Damages for Wrongful Death.
(p) [§202] Workers' Compensation.
(q) [§203] Aid to Needy Persons.
(r) [§204] Relocation Benefits.
(s) [§205] Financial Aid to Students.
(t) [§206] Cemetery Plots.
D.
1. [§207] In General.
2. Automatic Exemption.
(a) [§208] Definitions.
(b) [§209] Exemption.
(c) Court Order for
(1) [§210] When Required.
(2) [§211] Application.
(3) [§212] Time and Notice of Hearing.
(4) [§213] Determination and Order.
(5) Procedure After Order
of
(aa) [§214] Where Debtor Defaults.
(bb) [§215] Minimum Bid.
(cc) [§216] Acceleration Clauses and Prepayment Penalties.
(dd) [§217] Where Debtor Is Partial Owner.
(ee) [§218] Distribution of Proceeds.
(ff) [§219] Costs, Extensions, and Appeal.
3. Declared
(a) Former Law.
(1) [§220] Nature of
(2) [§221] Creation and Effect.
(3) [§222] When Execution Allowed.
(4) [§223] Abandonment.
(b) Revised Law.
(1) [§224] In General.
(2) Creation.
(aa) [§225] Recording Declaration.
(bb) [§226] Residence Requirement.
(cc) [§227] Fraudulently Conveyed Interest.
(3) [§228] Effect of Creation.
(4) [§229] Effect of Death of Owner.
(5) [§230] Abandonment.
(6) [§231] Regulation of
VII.
MONEY JUDGMENTS: WAGE GARNISHMENT
A. In General.
1. [§232] Statutory Development.
2. [§233] Exclusive Procedure.
3. [§234] Definitions.
4. [§235] Withholding Period.
5. [§236] Priority of Withholding Orders.
6. [§237] Satisfaction of Judgment Before Termination of Order.
7. [§238] Alternative Methods of Obtaining Full Satisfaction.
8. [§239] Termination of Dormant or Suspended Order.
9. [§240] Judicial Council Rules and Forms.
B. [§241] Restrictions on Earnings Withholding.
C. Support Orders.
1. [§242] Withholding Order for Support.
1A. [§242A] (New) Withholding Order for Support Issued by Local Child Support Agency.
2. [§243] Earnings Assignment Order for Support.
D. Earnings Withholding Order for Taxes.
1. [§244] In General.
2. [§245] Conditions for Issuance.
3. [§246] Issuance of Order.
4. [§247] Service and Form of Documents.
5. [§248] Priority.
6. [§249] Commencement and Termination of Withholding.
E. Procedure for Withholding Orders.
1. [§250] Service of Order, Notices, and Documents.
2. [§251] Application for Order.
3. [§252] Issuance of Order.
4. [§253] Service on Employer.
5. [§254] Service by Registered Process Server.
6. [§255] Continuation of Withholding Order After Return of Writ.
F. Claim of Exemption.
1. [§256] In General.
2. [§257] Notice, Opposition, and Hearing.
3. [§258] Modification or Termination of Withholding Order.
4. [§259] Debtor's Recovery of Amounts Withheld.
5. [§260] New Withholding Orders.
G. Employer's Duties and Liabilities.
1. [§261] Duty To Withhold.
2. [§262] Payments to Levying Officer.
3. [§263] Duties After Service of Withholding Order.
4. [§264] Liability for Wrongful Acts.
VIII.
MONEY JUDGMENTS: MISCELLANEOUS CREDITORS' REMEDIES
A. [§265] Written Interrogatories to Judgment Debtor.
B. [§266] Demand for Inspection of Documents.
C. Examination Proceedings.
1. [§267] Former Law.
2. [§268] Examination of Judgment Debtor.
3. Examination of Third Person.
(a) [§269] Issuance and Service of Order.
(b) [§270] Judgment Debtor's Claim of Exemption.
(c) Third Person's Adverse Claim.
(1) [§271] Right to Determination.
(2) [§272] Good Faith Nature of Claim.
4. [§273] Intervention.
5. Conduct of Examination.
(a) [§274] In General.
(b) [§275] Privilege Against Self‑Incrimination.
(c) [§276] Testimony Concerning Settlement Negotiations.
6. [§277]
7. [§278] Failure To Appear for Examination.
8. [§279] Protective Orders.
9. [§280] Order Applying Property to Satisfaction of Judgment.
D. Creditor's Suit.
1. Nature of Action.
(a) [§281] Former Law.
(b) [§282] Revised Law.
2. [§283] Time for Bringing Suit.
3. [§284] Order Forbidding Transfer or Payment.
4. [§285] Debtor's Claim of Exemption.
5. [§286] Judgment.
E. [§287] Charging Order Against Partnership Interest.
F. Lien in Pending Action or Proceeding.
1. Nature and Scope of Remedy.
(a) [§288] Former Law.
(b) [§289] Revised Law.
2. Priorities.
(a) [§290] In General.
(b) [§291] Equitable Offset.
3. [§292] Notice.
4. [§293] Enforcement, Compromise, Dismissal, Settlement, or Satisfaction.
5. [§294] Debtor's Claim of Exemption.
6. [§295] Orders in Action To Enforce Lien.
7. [§296] Enforcement of Lien After Final Judgment.
G. Assignment Order.
1. [§297] Nature and Procedure.
2. [§298] Effect and Priority of Assignment.
3. [§299] Debtor's Claim of Exemption.
4. [§300] Modifying or Setting Aside Order.
5. [§301] Limitations on Recovery.
H. Appointment of Receiver.
1. [§302] In General.
2. [§303] Transfer of Alcoholic Beverage License.
I. Collection of Judgment Where Judgment Debtor Is Creditor of Public Entity.
1. [§304] Nature and Scope of Remedy.
2. Filing, Notice, and Lien.
(a) [§305] In General.
(b) [§306] Support Judgment Enforced by District Attorney.
(c) [§307] Support Judgment Not Enforced by District Attorney.
3. [§308] Collection Where Debtor Is Creditor of State Agency.
4. [§309] Collection Where Debtor Is Creditor of Other Public Entity.
5. [§310] Collection Where Debtor Is Contractor on Public Works.
6. [§311] Procedure After Deposit.
J. [§312] Enforcement Against Franchise.
K. Other Enforcement Procedures.
1. Beneficiary's Interest in Trust.
(a) [§313] Enforcement of Judgments Law.
(b) [§314] Limitations Under Trust Law.
2. [§315] Contingent Interests.
3. [§316] Guardianship or Conservatorship Estates.
IX.
NONMONEY JUDGMENTS
A. In General.
1. [§317] Nature and Scope of Law.
2. [§318] Issuance of Writ of
Possession or
3. [§319] Delivery, Execution, and Return of Writ.
4. [§320] Collection of Money Amounts.
B. Judgment for Possession of Personal Property.
1. [§321] Writ of Possession.
2. [§322] Where Property Cannot Be Taken Into Custody.
3. [§323] Turnover Order.
C. Judgment for Possession of Real Property.
1. [§324] Writ of Possession.
2. [§325] Execution of Writ.
3. Claim of Right to Possession.
(a) [§326] In General.
(b) [§327] Hearing and Determination.
4. [§328] Failure To Vacate Property.
5. [§329] Disposition of Personal Property.
D. Judgment for
1. [§330] Writ of
2. [§331] Turnover Order.
E. Other Judgments: Contempt.
1. In General.
(a) [§332] Nature and Scope of Power.
(b) [§333] District Attorney Cannot Bring Proceeding.
(c) [§334] Enforceable Judgments and Orders.
2. Affidavit.
(a) [§335] In General.
(b) [§336] Illustrations.
(c) [§337] Construction, Amendment, and Review.
3. Order To Show Cause.
(a) [§338] In General.
(b) [§339] Service.
4. [§340] Hearing.
5. Defenses.
(a) [§341] Invalidity or Ineffectiveness of Order Violated.
(b) [§342] No Notice or Knowledge.
(c) [§343] Support Orders: Inability To Pay.
(d) [§344] Other Orders: Inability To Comply.
(e) [§345] Distinction: Good Faith.
6. [§346] Order of Commitment.
7. Punishment.
(a) [§347] In General.
(b) Imprisonment Until Performance.
(1) [§348] In General.
(2) [§349] Challenge of Indefinite Commitment.
(c) [§350] Denial of Litigation Rights.
(d) [§351] Order To Destroy Property.
(e) [§352] Multiple Punishment for Separate Acts.
(f) [§353] No Compensatory Damages.
8. [§354] Review on Certiorari or Habeas Corpus.
9. [§355] Collateral Attack.
X.
THIRD-PARTY CLAIMS AND RELATED PROCEDURES
A. In General.
1. [§356] Nature and Scope of Remedy.
2. [§357] Alternative Remedies.
B. Third-Party Claim of Ownership or Possession.
1. [§358] Right To File Claim.
2. [§359] Time and Manner of Making Claim.
3. [§360] Effect of Filing or Not Filing Claim.
4. [§361] Creditor's Undertaking.
5. [§362] Release of Property.
C. Third-Party Claim of Security Interest or Lien.
1. [§363] Right To File Claim.
2. [§364] Time and Manner of Making Claim.
3. [§365] Effect of Filing or Not Filing Claim.
4. [§366] Creditor's Undertaking.
5. [§367] Release of Property.
6. [§368] Payment to Secured Party or Lienholder.
D. Hearing on Third-Party Claim.
1. [§369] Application and Notice.
2. [§370] Papers Filed by Levying Officer.
3. [§371] Creditor's Statement Opposing Claim of Secured Party.
4. [§372] Proceedings and Determination.
5. [§373] Satisfaction From Released Property.
E. Creditor's Demand That Third Party File Claim.
1. [§374] Filing and Service of Demand.
2. [§375] Effect of Failure To Make Claim.
F. Third-Party Undertaking To Release Property.
1. [§376] Nature of Undertaking.
2. [§377] Filing, Service, and Release of Property.
G. [§378] General Rules Governing Undertakings.
XI.
SATISFACTION OF JUDGMENT
A. Satisfaction in Full.
1. [§379] In General.
2. Acknowledgment of Satisfaction.
(a) [§380] Creditor's Duty.
(b) [§381] Demand for Acknowledgment.
(c) [§382] Execution and Content of Acknowledgment.
3. [§383] Certificate of Satisfaction.
4. [§384] Vacation or Amendment of Satisfaction.
B. [§385] Acknowledgment of Partial Satisfaction.
C. Acknowledgment of Satisfaction of Matured Installments.
1. [§386] Demand for Acknowledgment.
2. [§387] Execution and Content of Acknowledgment.
3. [§388] Liability for Failure To Comply.
D. [§388A] (New) Acknowledgment of Satisfaction by One of Several Joint Debtors.
XII.
OTHER ACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS AGAINST DEFENDANT
A. Joint Debtor Proceeding.
1. [§389] Nature of Remedy.
2. [§390] Affidavit and Summons.
3. [§391] Defendant's Answer.
4. [§392] Amendment of Complaint.
B. Enforcement of Judgments Under Family Code.
1. Civil Proceedings.
(a) [§393] In General.
(b) [§394] Enforcement by Writ of Execution.
(c) Registration of Support Order Under Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act.
(1) [§395] Nature and Purpose of Statute.
(2) [§396] Filing and Registration.
(3) [§397] Notice, Opposition, and Hearing.
(4) [§398] Registration of Order Made in Another County.
(d) (New) Uniform Interstate Family Support Act.
(1) [§398A] (New) In General.
(2) [§398B] (New) Principal Changes.
(3) [§398C] (New) Definitions.
(4) [§398D] (New) Jurisdiction.
(5) (New) Proceedings.
(aa) [§398E] (New) In General.
(bb) [§398F] (New) Governing Law.
(cc) [§398G] (New) Tribunals.
(dd) [§398H] (New) Evidence.
(ee) [§398-I] (New) Discovery.
(ff) [§398J] (New) Enforcement and Information Agencies.
(gg) [§398K] (New) Fees and Costs.
(6) [§398L] (New) Reconciliation of Multiple Orders.
(7) [§398M] (New) Establishment of Support Order
(8) (New) Enforcement of Order Without Registration.
(aa) [§398N] (New) In General.
(bb) [§398-O] (New) Contest by Obligor.
(9) (New) Enforcement and Modification of Order After Registration.
(aa) [§398P] (New) In General.
(bb) [§398Q] (New) Notice, Opposition, and Hearing.
(cc) [§398R] (New) Modification of Child Support Order of Another State.
(dd) [§398S] (New) Enforcement of Child Support Order After Modification.
(ee)
[§398T] (New) Enforcement and Modification of Child Support Order When
Individual Parties Reside in
(ff) [§398U] (New) Notice of Modification.
10. [§398V] (New) Determination of Parentage.
11. [§398W] (New) Interstate Rendition.
2. [§399] Order in Criminal Proceeding.
B-1. [§399A] (New) Enforcement of Support Judgments by Local Child Support Agency.
C. Claims and Judgments Against Public Entities.
1. [§400] Against State.
2. [§401] Against Local Public Entities.
3. [§402] Postjudgment Settlement Conference.
4. [§403] Periodic Payments.
5. [§404] Reduction of Judgment for Collateral Source Payments.
D. [§405] Action on Judgment.
E. Suspension of Vehicle Driver's License.
1. Former Law.
(a) [§406] Nature of Statute.
(b) [§407] Constitutionality.
2. Compulsory Financial Responsibility Law.
(a) [§408] No Fault Approach.
(b) [§409] Establishment and Proof of Financial Responsibility.
(c) [§410] Report of Accident.
(d) Suspension of Driving Privilege for Failure To Prove Financial Responsibility.
(1) [§411] Duration and Scope.
(2) [§412] Notice and Hearing.
(e) [§413] Suspension Following Unsatisfied Judgment.
XIII.
A. Sister State Judgments.
1. Action on Judgment.
(a) [§414] When Action May Be Brought.
(b) Reasons for Denying Enforcement.
(1) [§415] Judgment Not Final and Unconditional.
(2) [§416] Other Reasons.
(c) [§417] Expiration and Revival.
2. Sister State Money-Judgments Act.
(a) In General.
(1) [§418] Nature and Purpose.
(2) [§419] Scope: Judgment and Parties.
(3) [§420] Restrictions on Entry of Judgment.
(4) [§421] Effect of Judgment.
(b) Application for Entry of Judgment.
(1) [§422] Jurisdiction and Venue.
(2) [§423] Who May File.
(3) [§424] Form and Content.
(c) Entry, Notice, and Vacation.
(1) [§425] Entry of Judgment.
(2) [§426] Notice of Entry.
(3) Vacation of Judgment.
(aa) [§427] In General.
(bb) [§428] Grounds.
(d) [§429] Enforcement.
(e) [§430] Stay of Enforcement.
B. Foreign Country Judgments.
1. Uniform Foreign Money-Judgments Recognition Act.
(a) [§431] Nature and Purpose.
(b) [§432] Scope of Act.
(c) [§433] Grounds for Denying Enforcement.
2. Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act.
(a) [§434] In General.
(b) [§435] Nature and Purpose.
(c) [§436] Determining Proper Money of Claim.
(d) [§437] Determining Amount of Money of Claim.
(e) [§438] Asserting and Defending Foreign-Money Claim.
(f) [§439] Judgment or Award.
(g) [§440] Conversion of Foreign Money in Distribution Proceeding.
(h) [§441] Interest.
(i) [§442] Enforcement of Foreign Judgment.
(j) [§443] Determining Dollar Value of Claim for Limited Purposes.
(k) [§444] Effect of Currency Revalorization.
XIV.
ATTACK ON FRAUDULENT TRANSFER
A. In General.
1. [§445] Nature and Classes of Fraudulent Transfers.
2. [§446] Distinctions.
3. [§447] Effect of Fraudulent Transfer.
4. [§448] Personal Action Against Transferee.
B. Former Law: Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act.
1. [§449] Adoption of Act.
2. Types of Conveyances.
(a) Actual Intent To Defraud.
(1) [§450] In General.
(2) [§451] Proof of Intent.
(3) [§452] Future or Subsequent Creditors.
(4) [§453] What Constitutes Conveyance.
(b) Transfer by Insolvent Without Fair Consideration.
(1) [§454] General Rule.
(2) [§455] Fair Consideration.
(3) [§456] Insolvency.
(c) [§457] Other Types.
3. Remedies of Creditors.
(a) [§458] Execution.
(b) [§459] Action To Set Aside Conveyance.
C. Revised Law: Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act.
1. In General.
(a) [§460] Purpose and Nature of Revision.
(b) [§461] Principal Changes in Revised Act.
(c) [§462] Definitions.
(d) [§463] Insolvency.
(e) [§464] Value for Transfer or Obligation.
(f) [§465] General Law and Uniform Interpretation.
(g) [§466] Statute of Limitations.
2. Fraudulent Transfers.
(a) [§467] Transfer With Intent To Defraud.
(b) [§468] Transfer Without Receipt of Reasonably Equivalent Value.
(c) [§469] As to Present Creditors: Transfer Resulting in Insolvency.
(d) [§469A] (New) Requirement of Prejudice.
3. [§470] When Transfer Made or Obligation Incurred.
4. [§471] Remedies of Creditors.
5. [§472] Defenses, Liability, and Protection of Transferee.
6. [§473] Undertaking by Transferee.
D. Transfers Violating Other Statutes.
1. [§474] Transfer of Personal Property Without Change of Possession.
2. [§475] Bulk Sales.
3. [§476] Preferences in Assignment for Benefit of Creditors.
4. [§477] Transfer of Estate in Real Property.
XV. DISCHARGE OF JUDGMENT
A. [§478] Payment or Compromise by Judgment Debtor.
B. Payment by Joint Obligor or Surety.
1. [§479] Joint Obligor: Contribution.
2. [§480] Surety: Reimbursement.
3. [§481] Procedure for Joint Judgment Debtor or Surety.
4. [§482] Procedure for Joint Tortfeasor.
5. [§483] Assignment of Judgment.
C. Equitable Setoff.
1. [§484] Nature of Right.
2. [§485] Limitations on Right.
D. Bankruptcy of Judgment Debtor.
1. In General.
(a) [§486] Nature and Effect of Bankruptcy.
(b) [§487] Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978.
(b-1) [§487] (New) Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005.
(c) [§488] What Constitutes Dischargeable Debt.
(d) [§489] Discharge of Debt as Defense.
2. Nondischargeable Debts.
(a) [§490] In General.
(b) [§491] False Representation or Fraud.
(c) [§492] Embezzlement, Larceny, or Defalcation by Fiduciary.
(d) [§493] Wilful and Malicious Injury.
(e) [§494] Unscheduled Debts.
(f) [§495] Debts Arising From Dissolution of Marriage or Separation.
(g) [§496] Taxes, Fines, Penalties, and Restitution.
(h) [§497] Educational Benefit Overpayments and Loans.
(i) [§498] Misconduct by Personnel of Financial Institution.
(j) [§499] Condominium or Cooperative Housing Dues.
(k) [§499A] (New) Securities Violation.
3. [§500] Evidence Outside Record To Determine Dischargeability of Debt.
4. [§501] Estoppel To Set Up Defense.
5. [§502] Action for Fraudulent Conveyance After Close of Bankruptcy.