2 California Procedure (4th), Courts

 

I. INTRODUCTION

  A. Judges.

         1. Selection.

               (a) Reviewing Courts.

                     (1) [§ 1] In General.

                     (2) [§ 2] Confirmation Election.

                     (3) [§ 3] Commission on Judicial Nominees Evaluation.

               (b) [§ 4] Superior Court.

               (c) [§ 5] Municipal Court.

               (d) [§ 6] Local Bar Association Evaluation.

               (e) [§ 7] Reform in Judicial Selection.

         2. Qualification.

               (a) [§ 8] Reviewing Courts and Superior Court.

               (b) [§ 9] Municipal Court.

         3. Compensation.

               (a) [§ 10] Sitting Judges.

               (b) Retired Judges.

                     (1) [§ 11] In General.

                     (2) [§ 12] Retired Judge Sitting by Assignment.

               (c) [§ 13] Compensation Suspended for Delay in Deciding Cases.

         4. Assignment of Judges by Chief Justice.

               (a) [§ 14] Constitutional Basis of Power.

               (b) [§ 15] Manner of Selection of Judges.

               (c) [§ 16] Judge Assigned.

         5. Termination of Office.

               (a) [§ 17] In General.

               (b) [§ 18] Voluntary Retirement for Age or Disability.

               (c) [§ 19] Senior Status.

         6. Invalid Selection or Holding Over: De Facto Judge.

               (a) [§ 20] General Rule.

               (b) [§ 21] Exceptions.

         7. Authority of Successor Judge.

               (a) [§ 22] What Successor Cannot Do.

               (b) [§ 23] What Successor Can Do.

         8. [§ 24] Judges' Lists.

  B. The Court and the Judge.

         1. [§ 25] Distinction Between Court and Judge.

         2. [§ 26] Powers of Judge in Court.

         3. Powers of Judge in Chambers.

               (a) [§ 27] Statutory Provisions.

               (b) [§ 28] Direction to Clerk.

               (c) [§ 29] Hearing With Consent.

               (d) [§ 30] Distinction: Judge at Home.

         4. [§ 31] Powers of Judge Out of County.

  C. Court Proceedings.

         1. [§ 32] In General.

         2. [§ 33] Use of English.

         3. [§ 34] Recycled Paper.

         4. [§ 35] Avoidance of Gender or Other Bias.

         5. [§ 36] Accommodation of Persons With Disabilities.

         6. Public Proceedings.

               (a) [§ 37] General Requirement.

               (b) [§ 38] Exception for Family Code Proceedings.

               (c) [§ 39] Distinctions: Publications and Publicity.

               (d) Press, Radio, and Television in Courtroom.

                     (1) [§ 40] Former Prohibition.

                     (2) [§ 41] Scope of Current Restrictions.

                     (3) [§ 42] Order Limiting Coverage.

               (e) (New) Sealed Records.

                     (1) [§ 42A] (New) In General.

                     (2) [§ 42B] (New) Sealed Records in Trial Courts.

                     (3) [§ 42C] (New) Sealed Records in Reviewing Courts.

         7. Judicial Days and Holidays.

               (a) [§ 43] Judicial Days.

               (b) General Holidays.

                     (1) [§ 44] No Judicial Business.

                     (2) [§ 45] What Are Holidays.

                     (3) [§ 46] Exceptions.

               (c) [§ 47] Special Holidays.

               (d) Extension of Time by Holiday.

                     (1) [§ 48] Where Last Day Is Holiday.

                     (2) [§ 49] No Extension by Intervening Holiday.

 

II. JUDICIAL CONDUCT AND DISCIPLINE

  A. Code of Judicial Ethics.

         1. [§ 50] Development and Adoption.

         2. [§ 51] Structure.

         3. [§ 52] Nature and Scope.

         4. [§ 53] Judicial Integrity and Independence (Canon 1).

         5. [§ 54] Impropriety (Canon 2).

         6. [§ 55] Conduct of Judicial Proceedings (Canon 3).

         7. [§ 56] Conduct of Other Activities (Canon 4).

         8. [§ 57] Political Activity (Canon 5).

         9. [§ 58] Compliance With Code (Canon 6).

         10. [§ 59] Sanctions for Violation.

  B. Other Restrictions.

         1. [§ 60] Practice of Law.

         2. [§ 61] Holding Other Office.

         3. [§ 62] Gratuities for Solemnizing Marriages.

         4. [§ 63] Gifts, Honoraria, and Travel Expenses.

         5. [§ 64] Communications Between Judges.

  C. Disciplinary Proceedings.

         1. In General.

               (a) [§ 65] Commentary and National Development.

               (b) [§ 66] Publication of Confidential Matters.

               (c) [§ 67] Nature and Scope of California System.

               (d) [§ 68] Authorized Discipline.

               (e) [§ 69] Organization of Commission on Judicial Performance.

         2. Grounds for Discipline.

               (a) [§ 70] Admonishment.

               (b) Censure.

                     (1) [§ 71] In General.

                     (2) [§ 72] Removal Recommendation Rejected.

                     (3) [§ 73] Delay in Deciding Case.

               (c) Removal.

                     (1) [§ 74] In General.

                     (2) [§ 75] Nature of Grounds.

                     (3) [§ 76] Illustrative Decisions Ordering Removal.

               (d) [§ 77] Retirement.

         3. Proceedings Before Commission.

               (a) [§ 78] In General.

               (b) [§ 79] Nature of Proceeding.

               (c) [§ 80] Preliminary Investigation.

               (d) [§ 81] Admonishment.

               (e) [§ 82] Notice of Formal Proceeding and Answer.

               (f) Hearing.

                     (1) [§ 83] Procedure.

                     (2) [§ 84] Evidence.

               (g) [§ 85] Masters' Report.

               (h) [§ 86] Determination by Commission.

               (i) Confidentiality.

                     (1) [§ 87] Preliminary Investigation.

                     (2) [§ 88] Formal Proceedings.

         4. Review in Supreme Court.

               (a) [§ 89] Procedure.

               (b) [§ 90] Standard of Review.

 

III. DISQUALIFICATION OF JUDGE

  A. Nature and Scope.

         1. [§ 91] In General.

         2. Validity of Judgment by Disqualified Judge.

               (a) [§ 92] Theory That Judgment Is Void.

               (b) Rationalization in Terms of Jurisdiction.

                     (1) [§ 93] Court Has Subject Matter Jurisdiction.

                     (2) Judge Has No Jurisdiction To Act.

                           (aa) [§ 94] Nature of Theory.

                           (bb) [§ 95] Application of Theory.

         3. [§ 96] Disqualification in Contempt Proceedings.

         4. Disqualification of Appellate Justice.

               (a) [§ 97] Procedure.

               (b) [§ 98] Disqualification Required by Due Process Clause.

               (c) [§ 99] Effect of Action Against Justices.

  B. Disqualification for Cause.

         1. Grounds for Disqualification.

               (a) In General.

                     (1) [§ 100] Statutory Grounds.

                     (2) [§ 101] What Are Not Grounds.

               (b) [§ 102] Party to Proceeding.

               (c) [§ 103] Personal Knowledge of Facts.

               (d) Interest in Proceeding.

                     (1) [§ 104] In General.

                     (2) [§ 105] Former Case Law on Financial Interest.

                     (3) [§ 106] Former Case Law on Remote Interest.

                     (4) [§ 107] Former Case Law on Securities Holdings.

                     (5) [§ 108] Statutory Revision.

                     (6) [§ 109] Interested Probate Judge.

                     (7) [§ 110] Exception: Rule of Necessity.

               (e) Relationship to Party, Attorney, or Agent.

                     (1) [§ 111] Former Statute and Case Law.

                     (2) [§ 112] Statutory Revision.

               (f) Previous Representation or Advice.

                     (1) [§ 113] Former Statute and Case Law.

                     (2) [§ 114] Statutory Revision.

                     (3) [§ 115] Distinction: Former Prosecutor or Public Defender.

               (g) Bias or Prejudice.

                     (1) Former Statute and Case Law.

                           (aa) [§ 116] In General.

                           (bb) [§ 117] Bias Against Nonparties.

                           (cc) [§ 118] Fixed Opinion on Particular Issue.

                           (dd) [§ 119] Nondisqualifying Opinions.

                           (ee) [§ 120] Question of Law Where Evidence Not Conflicting.

                     (2) [§ 121] Statutory Revision.

               (h) [§ 122] Trial Judge During and After Appeal.

               (i) [§ 123] Physical Disability.

               (j) [§ 123A] (New) Dispute Resolution Conflict.

         2. Procedure.

               (a) [§ 124] Judge's Voluntary Declaration of Disqualification.

               (b) [§ 125] Party's Statement of Disqualification.

               (c) [§ 126] Judge's Consent or Answer.

               (d) Determination of Question of Disqualification.

                     (1) [§ 127] Challenged Judge Cannot Decide.

                     (2) [§ 128] Determination by Another Judge.

               (e) Effect of Challenge.

                     (1) [§ 129] Former Statute and Case Law.

                     (2) [§ 130] General Rule Limiting Power To Act.

                     (3) [§ 131] Powers of Disqualified Judge.

               (f) [§ 132] Selection of New Judge To Try Main Case.

         3. Waiver of Disqualification.

               (a) [§ 133] Former Statute and Case Law.

               (b) [§ 134] Statutory Revision.

  C. Peremptory Challenge.

         1. Nature and Validity of Statute.

               (a) [§ 135] Original Statute Unconstitutional.

               (b) [§ 136] New Statute Upheld.

               (c) [§ 137] Constitutionality Reaffirmed.

         2. [§ 138] Scope: Courts and Proceedings.

         3. Procedure.

               (a) [§ 139] Motion Without Notice.

               (b) [§ 140] Automatic Reassignment.

         4. Effect of Challenge.

               (a) [§ 141] In General.

               (b) [§ 142] Challenge by Cross‑Defendant.

         5. Limitations on Right.

               (a) [§ 143] One Challenge "In Any One Action."

               (b) [§ 144] One Challenge "For Each Side."

               (c) [§ 145] Challenge Motivated by Racial Bias.

               (d) Time for Motion.

                     (1) [§ 146] General Rule and Limitations.

                     (2) [§ 147] Before Commencement.

                     (3) Judge Known Before Trial.

                           (aa) [§ 148] 10‑Day/5‑Day Rule.

                           (bb) [§ 149] Effect of Assignment to Department.

                     (4) All Purpose Assignment.

                           (aa) [§ 150] Case Law Development.

                           (bb) [§ 151] Exception: Local Delay Reduction Rule.

                           (cc) [§ 152] Codification.

                     (5) Master Calendar Assignment.

                           (aa) [§ 153] In General.

                           (bb) [§ 154] What Constitutes All Purpose Assignment.

                     (6) [§ 155] One Judge Court.

                     (7) [§ 156] Coordination Judge.

                     (8) [§ 157] New Trial After Reversal.

               (e) No Challenge in Continuation of Proceeding.

                     (1) [§ 158] General Rule.

                     (2) [§ 159] Illustrations: Criminal Law.

                     (3) [§ 160] Illustrations: Family and Juvenile Law.

                     (4) [§ 161] Illustrations: Conservatorship.

                     (5) [§ 162] Distinction: Prior Action Not on Merits.

                     (6) [§ 163] Exception: New Judge.

               (f) [§ 164] Implied Waiver of Disqualification.

  D. Review of Determination by Mandamus.

         1. [§ 165] Former Case Law.

         2. [§ 166] Statutory Revision.

 

IV. THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM IN CALIFORNIA

  A. Constitutional Courts.

         1. [§ 167] Development of System.

         2. [§ 168] Courts of Record.

         3. [§ 169] Proposed Unification of Trial Courts.

  B. Legislative Power Over Jurisdiction.

         1. [§ 170] Constitutional Jurisdiction Cannot Be Enlarged.

         2. [§ 171] Constitutional Jurisdiction Cannot Be Curtailed.

         3. Exceptions.

               (a) [§ 172] Legislative Curtailment of Superior Court Jurisdiction.

               (b) [§ 173] Legislative Enlargement of Appellate Jurisdiction.

         4. [§ 174] Distinction: Limitation on Substantive Right.

  C. Legislative Power Over Procedure.

         1. [§ 175] Procedure Subject to Legislative Control.

         2. [§ 176] Limitations on Legislative Power.

  D. Inherent Powers of Courts.

         1. [§ 177] Nature of Inherent Powers.

         2. [§ 178] What Courts May Exercise Inherent Powers.

         3. [§ 179] Illustrations.

         4. [§ 180] Inherent Powers Denied.

         5. [§ 181] Imposition of Money Sanctions.

  E. Trial Court Funding.

         1. [§ 182] State Funding.

         2. [§ 183] County Funding.

  F. [§ 184] Commission on the Future of the Courts.

  G. [§ 185] Trial Court Coordination.

  H. [§ 185A] (New) Court Employees.

 

V. RULES OF COURT

  A. Nature of Rule‑Making Power.

         1. In General: Formal Rules of Court.

               (a) [§ 186] Rules Consistent With Statute.

               (b) [§ 187] Broad Rule‑Making Power.

         2. Unwritten Practice or Usage.

               (a) [§ 188] Practices Equivalent to Rules.

               (b) [§ 189] The "Better Practice."

         3. Procedure Devised for Particular Case.

               (a) [§ 190] Nature of Power.

               (b) [§ 191] Illustrations.

  B. Statewide Rules.

         1. [§ 192] In General.

         2. [§ 193] Filing, Publication, and Effective Date.

         3. [§ 194] Introductory Statement.

         4. [§ 195] Appellate Rules.

         5. [§ 196] Pretrial and Trial Rules.

         6. [§ 197] Miscellaneous Rules.

         7. [§ 198] Rules for Judicial Council and Administrative Office of the Courts.

         7a. [§ 198A] (New) Rules for Criminal Cases in the Superior Court.

         8. [§ 199] Special Rules for Trial Courts.

         8a. [§ 199A] (New) Judicial Administration Rules.

         8b. [§ 199B] (New) Probate Rules.

         9. [§ 200] Appendix to Rules of Court.

  C. Local Rules.

         1. [§ 201] In General.

         2. [§ 202] Adoption and Publication.

         3. [§ 203] Local Policy.

  D. Effect of Rules.

         1. Conflict With Statutes.

               (a) [§ 204] Invalid Rules.

               (b) [§ 205] Construction To Avoid Invalidity.

               (c) [§ 206] Illustration: Time for Filing Opposition Papers.

         2. [§ 207] Mandatory But Not Jurisdictional.

         3. [§ 208] Power of Court To Deviate.

 

VI. THE TRIAL COURTS

  A. Superior Court.

         1. In General.

               (a) [§ 209] Court of General Jurisdiction.

               (b) [§ 210] Court of Particular County.

         2. Original Civil Jurisdiction.

               (a) Equity.

                     (1) [§ 211] Included in General Grant.

                     (2) [§ 212] Exceptions for Express Denial to Superior Court.

                     (3) [§ 213] Limitation on Substantive Right.

               (b) Law.

                     (1) [§ 214] Jurisdiction Determined by Amount in Controversy.

                     (2) [§ 215] Jurisdiction Determined by Form of Action or Proceeding.

               (c) Jurisdiction To Issue Extraordinary Writs.

                     (1) [§ 216] Nature and Scope of Grant.

                     (2) [§ 217] Limitations on Grant.

                     (3) [§ 218] Concurrent With Appellate Court.

         3. Departments and Sessions.

               (a) [§ 219] Nature of Departments and Sessions.

               (b) [§ 220] Types of Departments.

               (c) Place of Sessions.

                     (1) [§ 221] In General.

                     (2) [§ 222] Branch Courts.

                     (3) [§ 223] Sessions Outside Courtroom.

                     (4) [§ 224] Emergency Sessions.

               (d) Jurisdictional Aspects of Division Into Departments.

                     (1) [§ 225] Subject Matter Jurisdiction Not Involved.

                     (2) [§ 226] Jurisdiction To Act May Be Involved.

                     (3) Illustrations.

                           (aa) [§ 227] Probate Department.

                           (bb) [§ 228] Juvenile Department.

                     (4) Concurrent Jurisdiction of Ordinary Departments.

                           (aa) [§ 229] General Principle: Proper Transfer of Case.

                           (bb) [§ 230] Improper Transfer of Case.

                           (cc) [§ 231] Pendency of Two Similar Actions.

                     (5) Priority of Jurisdiction: Interference With Pending Case.

                           (aa) [§ 232] Ordinary Departments.

                           (bb) [§ 233] Probate Court.

                           (cc) Juvenile Court.

                                 (i) [§ 234] In General.

                                 (ii) [§ 235] Indian Child Welfare Act.

                           (dd) [§ 236] Family Court.

                     (6) [§ 237] Successive Inconsistent Decisions by Different Departments.

         4. Presiding Judge.

               (a) [§ 238] Selection.

               (b) [§ 239] Duty To Distribute Business.

               (c) [§ 240] Duty To Monitor Pending Cases.

               (d) [§ 241] Other Duties.

         5. Distribution of Business.

               (a) [§ 242] In General.

               (b) [§ 243] Calendar Management System.

               (c) Management of Complex Litigation.

                     (1) [§ 244] In General.

                     (2) [§ 245] Supervision of Discovery.

         6. [§ 245A] (New) Public Access to Electronic Trial Court Records.

  B. Municipal Court.

         1. In General.

               (a) [§ 246] Establishment and Former Law.

               (b) [§ 247] Constitutional Revisions of 1966 and 1994.

               (c) [§ 248] Judicial Districts.

               (d) [§ 248A] (New) Limited Civil Case.

         2. Civil Jurisdiction.

               (a) Law.

                     (1) Jurisdiction Granted.

                           (aa) [§ 249] In General.

                           (bb) [§ 250] Forcible Entry and Unlawful Detainer.

                     (2) [§ 251] Jurisdiction Withheld.

               (b) Equity.

                     (1) [§ 252] No General Equity Jurisdiction.

                     (2) [§ 253] Particular Equitable Actions.

                     (3) [§ 254] Ancillary Remedies.

                     (4) [§ 255] Equitable Defenses.

                     (5) [§ 256] Declaratory Relief.

               (c) [§ 257] Statewide Territorial Jurisdiction.

         3. Departments, Sessions, and Presiding Judge.

               (a) [§ 258] Departments and Sessions.

               (b) [§ 259] Presiding Judge.

               (c) [§ 260] Distribution of Business.

         4. Economic Litigation.

               (a) [§ 261] Pilot Project.

               (b) [§ 262] Nature and Scope of Statute.

               (c) [§ 263] Pleadings and Motions.

               (d) [§ 264] Discovery.

               (e) [§ 265] Disclosure of Witnesses and Evidence.

               (f) [§ 266] Use of Prepared Testimony.

               (g) [§ 267] Judgment and Appeal.

  C. Justice Court.

         1. [§ 268] Early Inferior Courts.

         2. [§ 269] Revision of 1950.

         3. [§ 270] Consolidation With Municipal Court.

 

VII. SMALL CLAIMS COURT

  A. In General.

         1. [§ 271] Nature and Organization.

         2. [§ 272] Former Law.

         3. [§ 273] Revised Law.

         4. [§ 274] Principal Legislative Changes.

         5. [§ 275] Judicial Council Rules and Forms.

         6. [§ 276] Manuals and Benchbooks.

         7. [§ 277] Small Claims Legal Advisers.

         8. [§ 278] No Action for Malicious Prosecution.

  B. Parties and Appearance.

         1. [§ 279] In General.

         2. Assignee May Not Sue.

               (a) [§ 280] General Rule.

               (b) [§ 281] Exceptions.

         3. Attorney or Agent May Not Appear.

               (a) [§ 282] General Rule.

               (b) [§ 283] When Attorney May Appear.

               (c) [§ 284] Distinction: Attorney Adviser.

               (d) [§ 285] When Agent May Appear.

               (e) [§ 286] Agent's Declaration.

  C. Jurisdiction.

         1. [§ 287] Statutory Provisions.

         2. [§ 288] Mass Claims Consolidated.

         3. [§ 289] No Jurisdiction in Workers' Compensation Matters.

         4. [§ 290] No Jurisdiction To Enforce Child Support Order.

         5. [§ 291] No Splitting Cause of Action.

         6. [§ 292] No Transfer Under C.C.P. 396.

         7. [§ 293] Action Against Department of Corrections or Department of Youth Authority.

  D. Procedure in Small Claims Court.

         1. [§ 294] In General.

         1a. [§ 294A] (New) Uniform Fees.

         2. [§ 295] Venue and Sessions.

         3. Plaintiff's Claim.

               (a) [§ 296] In General.

               (b) [§ 297] Use of Fictitious Business Name.

         4. [§ 298] Notice To Appear.

         5. Defendant's Claim.

               (a) [§ 299] Claim in Same Action.

               (b) [§ 300] Action on Claim in Another Court.

         6. [§ 301] Time for Appearance.

         7. [§ 302] Postponement.

         8. [§ 303] Conduct of Hearing.

         9. [§ 304] When Personal Appearance Excused.

         10. [§ 305] Use of Interpreters.

         11. [§ 306] Admission and Exclusion of Evidence.

  E. Judgment.

         1. [§ 307] In General.

         2. [§ 308] Enforcement and Stay.

         3. Payment.

               (a) [§ 309] Terms and Conditions.

               (b) [§ 310] Payment to Creditor and Acknowledgement.

               (c) [§ 311] Payment to Court.

         4. [§ 312] Motor Vehicle License Suspension.

         5. [§ 313] Motion To Vacate Default Judgment.

         6. Judgment Conclusive on Plaintiff.

               (a) [§ 314] No Appeal From Adverse Judgment.

               (b) [§ 315] No Review by Extraordinary Writ.

               (c) [§ 316] Distinction Where Defendant Files Cross‑Claim.

  F. Appeal.

         1. [§ 317] Nature of Right.

         2. [§ 318] Abandonment and Dismissal.

         3. [§ 319] Appeal by Defendant Who Defaults.

         4. [§ 320] Notice of Appeal.

         5. Trial De Novo in Superior Court.

               (a) [§ 321] In General.

               (b) [§ 322] No Right to Jury Trial.

               (c) [§ 323] No Power To Consolidate or Dismiss Action.

               (d) [§ 324] Judgment.

               (e) [§ 325] No Appeal or Motion Attacking Judgment.

               (f) [§ 326] Rehearing.

               (g) [§ 327] Review of Decision by Mandamus.

               (h) [§ 328] Certification to Court of Appeal.

 

VIII. THE REVIEWING COURTS

  A. In General.

         1. [§ 329] Nature of Reviewing Courts.

         2. [§ 330] Powers of Individual Judges.

  B. Supreme Court.

         1. [§ 331] Organization.

         2. [§ 332] Sessions and Conferences.

         3. [§ 333] Appellate Jurisdiction.

         4. [§ 334] Original Jurisdiction.

  C. Courts of Appeal.

         1. Organization.

               (a) [§ 335] In General.

               (b) [§ 336] Current Districts and Divisions.

         2. [§ 337] Presiding Justices.

         3. [§ 338] Distribution of Work Among Divisions.

         4. [§ 339] Sessions and Conferences.

         5. Appellate Jurisdiction.

               (a) [§ 340] Cases Directly Appealed.

               (b) [§ 341] Hearing After Superior Court Appeal.

         6. [§ 342] Original Jurisdiction.

         7. [§ 343] Cases Transferred by Supreme Court.

  D. Appellate Department of Superior Court.

         1. [§ 344] Organization.

         2. [§ 345] Operation.

         3. [§ 346] Jurisdiction.

 

IX. JUDICIAL AND MINISTERIAL OFFICERS

  A. Trial Court Commissioners.

         1. [§ 347] Constitutional and Statutory Authorization.

         2. [§ 348] Qualifications and Appointment.

         3. Duties and Powers.

               (a) [§ 349] Constitutional Authorization.

               (b) [§ 350] Statutory Specification.

  B. Referees.

         1. [§ 351] In General.

         2. [§ 352] Court Commissioner as Referee.

  C. Attorney as Temporary Judge.

         1. [§ 353] Nature of Position.

         2. Stipulation for Appointment.

               (a) [§ 354] Procedure.

               (b) [§ 355] Selection of Court Commissioner.

               (c) Knowing Participation Tantamount to Stipulation.

                     (1) [§ 356] In General.

                     (2) [§ 357] Capital Case.

               (d) Default Proceedings.

                     (1) [§ 358] In General: Stipulation Not Required.

                     (2) [§ 359] Distinction: Status as Party Litigant Not Relinquished.

                     (3) [§ 360] Ancillary Proceeding.

               (e) [§ 361] Scope of Stipulation.

               (f) [§ 362] Withdrawal of Stipulation.

         3. [§ 363] Disqualification.

         4. [§ 364] Private Judges.

  D. Clerks and Similar Employees.

         1. Supreme Court.

               (a) [§ 365] Clerk.

               (b) [§ 366] Research and Clerical Staff.

               (c) [§ 367] Reporter of Decisions.

         2. [§ 368] Courts of Appeal.

         3. Superior Court.

               (a) Clerk and Deputy Clerks.

                     (1) [§ 369] Nature of Office.

                     (2) [§ 370] Ministerial Functions.

                     (3) [§ 371] Control by Court.

                     (4) [§ 372] Process and Notices.

                     (5) Minutes and Entries.

                           (aa) [§ 373] In General.

                           (bb) [§ 374] Permanent Minutes.

                     (6) [§ 375] Miscellaneous Duties.

                     (7) [§ 376] Fees.

               (b) Administrative Officers and Employees.

                     (1) [§ 377] In General.

                     (2) [§ 378] Transfer of Duties From Clerk to Executive Officer.

               (c) Records and Papers.

                     (1) [§ 379] In General.

                     (2) [§ 380] Register and Index of Actions.

                     (3) Exhibits, Depositions, and Administrative Records.

                           (aa) [§ 381] Custody.

                           (bb) [§ 382] Destruction.

                     (4) Management of Trial Court Records.

                           (aa) [§ 383] In General.

                           (bb) [§ 384] Preservation.

                           (cc) [§ 385] Retention.

                           (dd) [§ 386] Transfer.

                           (ee) [§ 387] Destruction.

         4. [§ 388] Municipal Court.

  E. Reporters of Trial Courts.

         1. [§ 389] Appointment and Qualifications.

         2. Duties of Reporter.

               (a) [§ 390] Reporting and Clerical Assistance.

               (b) [§ 391] Transcription.

               (c) [§ 392] Sanctions for Failure To File Transcript.

               (d) [§ 393] Electronic Recording.

         3. Compensation.

               (a) [§ 394] Fees in Civil Cases.

               (b) [§ 395] Advance Payment in Civil Cases.

               (c) [§ 396] Free Transcript in Criminal and Specified Civil Proceedings.

  F. [§ 397] Interpreters and Translators.

  G. Sheriffs and Marshals.

         1. [§ 398] Nature of Offices.

         2. [§ 399] Duties in Connection With Process and Notices.

  H. [§ 400] Code of Ethics for Court Employees.

  I. [§ 400A] (New) Nondiscrimination in Court Appointments.

 

X. THE JUDICIAL COUNCIL

  A. In General.

         1. [§ 401] Nature and Purpose.

         2. [§ 402] Composition.

         3. [§ 403] Administrative Director of the Courts.

         4. [§ 404] Governing Rules.

         5. [§ 405] Rule Making.

         6. [§ 406] Electronic Data Systems.

  B. Approval of Legal Forms.

         1. [§ 407] In General.

         2. [§ 408] General Legal (Rule 982).

         2a. [§408A] (New) Summons.

         3. [§ 409] Pleading (Rule 982.1).

         3a. [§ 409A] (New) Unified Superior Court (Rule 982.4).

         4. [§ 410] Wage Garnishment (Rule 982.5).

         5. [§ 411] Court Records Management (Rule 982.8).

         6. [§ 412] Family Law (Rules 1281 et seq.).

         6a. [§ 412A] (New) Family Law (FL Forms).

         6b. [§412B] (New) Family Law (Parallel Reference Table).

         7. [§ 413] Facsimile Filings (Rule 2002).

         8. [§ 414] Abortion (Rule 240).

         8a. [§ 414A] (New) Adoption.

         9. [§ 415] Alternative Dispute Resolution.

         9a. [§415A] (New) Appellate.

         10. [§ 416] Attachment.

         11. [§ 417] Case Management.

         12. [§ 418] Civil Harassment.

         13. [§ 419] Claim and Delivery.

         14. [§ 420] Criminal.

         15. [§ 421] Claim of Possession.

         16. [§ 422] Decedents' Estates.

         16a. [§ 422A] (New) Domestic Violence Prevention.

         16b. [§ 422B] (New) Elder or Dependent Adult Abuse.

         17. [§ 423] Enforcement of Judgment.

         18. [§ 424] Form Interrogatories and Request for Admissions.

         19. [§ 425] Guardianship and Conservatorship.

         20. [§ 426] Ignition Interlock Device.

         21. [§ 427] Interpreter.

         21a. [§ 427A] (New) Judgment.

         22. [§ 428] Juvenile.

         23. [§ 429] Miscellaneous.

         23a. [§ 429A] (New) Name Change.

         23b. [§ 429B] (New) Proof of Service.

         23c. [§ 429C] (New) Receivership.

         24. [§ 430] Small Claims (Rule 982.7).

         24a. [§ 430A] (New) Traffic Infractions.

         25. [§ 431] Transitional Housing Misconduct.

         25a. [§431A] (New) Unlawful Detainer.

         26. [§ 432] Workplace Harassment.

         27. [§ 432A] (New) Workplace Violence.

  C. Judicial Education.

         1. [§ 433] In General.

         2. [§ 434] Specialized Programs.

         3. [§ 435] Mandatory Requirement.

         4. [§ 436] Standards of Judicial Administration.

         5. [§ 437] Center for Judicial Education and Research.

  D. Trial Court Delay Reduction Act.

         1. [§ 438] Nature and Scope.

         2. [§ 439] Administration.

         3. Time Standards.

               (a) [§ 440] In General.

               (b) [§ 441] Superior Court.

               (c) [§ 442] Municipal Court.

               (d) [§ 443] Minimum Time Standards.

         4. [§ 444] Differential Case Management.

         5. Sanctions.

               (a) [§ 445] In General.

               (b) [§ 446] Sanctions Proper.

               (c) [§ 447] Sanctions Improper.